"be in charge™" program "golf ball liver" acute hepatitis symptoms induced from toxins sprayed on golf courses and transmitted to the body by golfers who lick their golf balls routinely to clean them. "greer's goo" "kissing balloon" technique "leaky gut" syndrome "no touch" laser thermal keratoplasty (ltk) procedure "red neck" syndrome (a.k.a. "red man" syndrome) histamine-related reaction to vancomycin therapy (usually by rapid infusion) characterized by urticarial flushing of the upper body and may be associated with symptomatic hypotension. "salon sink" radiculopathy "second-skin" wound care products (2nd skin®) "seinfeld syncope" "skier's" tear a rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb. "super glue" glue-like product indicated for nonsuture closure of simple skin lacerations. "super stress test" "swing" test (hrv test) (+)-zopiclone (alpha) level the probability of a false positive result, or of rejecting the hypothesis of no treatment difference when there is no real difference or of a false positive. also referred to as the probability of a type i error. (alpha) spending function a function or rule that governs how the total ¯ level or probability of a type i error can be spread out over the interim analysis. limits the chance of a false positive result when trial data is looked at multiple times. can be used to set up guidelines for trial monitoring. (automated) osteogram® 2000 (coated) vicryl rapide suture (coated) vicryl rapide suture (polyglactin 910) a faster absorbable suture, developed in france, losing tensile strength in 10-14 days. (colormate®) tlc-bilitest™ (insyte) autoguard™/autoguard-p™ iv catheter (karl storz no) endoflator (karl) storz no endoflator (mitek) knotless anchor suture (s)-oxybutynin (s)-zopiclone (sjm®) regent mechanical heart valve (svs) apex plus excimer laser system (synthes) schuhli implant system (the) avina female urethral plug a sterile, disposable, bulb-shaped plug which is inserted into the urethra to prevent leakage due to female urinary stress incontinence. available in single- and double-bulb designs. recommended for use during waking hours only and under the supervision of a physician. (the) closer™ (the) fugo blade™ ophthalmic blade indicated for performance of anterior capsulotomy during cataract surgery. (the) gene gin™ robot-automated gene cloning device for gene isolation and high throughput cloning of full-length genes. (the) heart laser (the) saturn splint™ splinting device for noninvasive treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (cts). studies have shown that use of the splint provides immediate relief from symptoms and may provide clinical remission after four weeks of use. (the) tracker pc-based electrocardiography (ecg) system for home monitoring, analysis, storage, and electronic transfer of ecg data. the battery-operated portable device is connected to a personal computer through the a serial port. software stores and compares ecg readings to normal and abnormal patterns, sounds an alarm when a number of abnormalities are detected, and may be set from 1 minute to 24 hours of record time. (the) yellow iris urinalysis workstation diagnostic urinalysis system for detection of microscopic abnormalities in the urine. -itis 1.5-mm bone fixation kit bioresorbable implant for fixation of bone fragments of nonloadbearing fractured bones, osteotomies, and arthrodesis of the hand and foot. 17ß-estradiol transdermal 17-hydroxycorticosteroids 17-ketosteroids 20/30 indeflator inflation device™ device for inflating and maintaining consistent pressure during surgical procedures. 2010 holter system/2010 plus™ holter system computerized digital systems for analysis of data collected from holter monitoring; indicated for monitoring, analysis, and diagnosis of possible cardiac abnormalities. 2040 erbium silklaser computerized erbium laser indicated for plastic and dermatological surgery, including incision, excision, ablation, vaporization and/or coagulation of soft tissue. 24-hour cardiac monitor 2nd skin® spenco™ product line of hydrogel dressings and moist burn pads used in various applications, e.g., minor burns, blisters, insect bites or stings, to promote healing and provide protection against bacterial infection. 30-minute tumt® (transurethral microwave thermotheraphy) 3d ultrasound reconstruction imaging computerized technique which transforms 2d ultrasound images into three-dimensional images for more precise localization of lesions in brain arteries. prototype system has been developed by 3d echotech, munich, germany. 3dc® system endoscopic imaging system produces three-dimensional images from a single endoscopic camera. 3tc see "lamivudine" 3tc(lamivudine) 400s tunneling tool 4s (scandinavian simvastatin survival study) 5'-n'tase 5'-nt 5'-nucelotidase 5-fc see "flucytosine" 5-fluorouracil/epinephrine injectable gel (5-fu/epi gel) a combination of 5-fluorouracil, epinephrine (adrenaline), and an injectable collagen gel. intralesional injection of this new chemotherapy formulation is currently being investigated as a nonsurgical treatment alternative in patients with basal cell carcinoma and superficial squamous cell carcinoma. 5-fu/epi gel intradermal injection is also being investigated in the treatment of genital warts. 5-fu 5-hiaa 5-ht 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-oh tryptamine 510 k 5g1.1 investigational recombinant c5 complement inhibitor in phase ii trials for the chronic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, phase ii trials for the treatment of membranous nephritis, and phase i studies for the treatment of psoriasis, dermatomyositis, and pemphigoid. 5g1.1-sc (pexelizumab) 6c trial 6f angio-seal® 700 ultrex plus penile prosthesis device for treatment of erectile dysfunction. 7f hydrolyser™ thrombectomy catheter thrombectomy catheter indicated for the removal of soft, newly formed (less than five days old) thrombus from dialysis shunts. 800 series ktp/yag™ surgical laser system dual-wavelength nd:yag laser system that can surgically cut, vaporize, and coagulate a targeted area without disrupting surrounding tissue; indicated for urologic, gynecologic, ent, aesthetic, and thoracic surgical applications. the system was recently fda approved (may 2001) for photoselective vaporization of the prostate (pvp), a surgical technique for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph). 840™ ventilator system 8f angio-seal® 9-cis retinoic acid a a wave. a-2000™ bis™ (bispectral index™) monitor a-syst™ system circulatory support system for use during "beating heart" surgery; coaxial cannulae configuration requires only one access site. not fda approved; available outside the u.s. a-th3 assay a-v malformation aa interval aaasps (african-american antiplatelet stroke prevention study) aai aair aastromreplicell™ cell production system investigational system for the production of cells, to be used in combination with peripheral blood stem cells (pbsc) obtained through a single apheresis procedure, for later use in autologous stem cell transplants for the treatment of breast cancer. the replication of cells through a single apheresis procedure eliminates the need for multiple blood apheresis cycles and reduces the incidence of cancer cell contamination. in clinical trials; not fda approved. aastrom™ cps (cell production system) aastrom™ cps (cell-production system) investigational cell-production system which produces therapeutic stem cells from afterbirth umbilical cord blood, indicated for use in stem cell transplants for restoring blood and immune systems in patients without matched bone marrow donors. aat aatr abacavir (1592, ziagen) abacavir (ziagen™) abaer™ (automated brainstem auditory evoked response) system an auditory testing device for use either as a primary infant screening tool or to corroborate results of a basic pass/refer hearing test. abaer™ system abarelix depot (plenaxis™) abasia lack of motor or muscular coordination in walking abbi™ system abbokinase abc pack™ abc study of hypertension abciximab monoclonal antibody abdomen the area of the body between the thorax and pelvis. the abdomen contains the liver, the spleen and most of the digestive organs. abdominal abdominal abscess abdominal adhesions abdominal angina abdominal aorta abdominal aortic aneurysm abdominal bracing abdominal cavity abdominal delivery a surgical procedure that involves the delivery of the is three times higher than with natural delivery abdominal guarding abdominal hernia abdominal hysterectomy abdominal lipectomy abdominal panniculectomy abdominal wall fat pad biopsy abdominoplasty abdominoscopy abducens nerve abduction abductor abductor pollicis longus abelcet® suspension for intravenous infusion amphotericin b lipid complex injection for the treatment of systemic fungal infections (aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcus) in patients with compromised immune systems; previously available in 100-mg vials, now also approved in 50-mg vials. aberrant abetalipoproteinemia abg abilitat™ (aripiprazole) abiocor™ implantable replacement heart fully implantable investigational device intended as a substitute for severely diseased human hearts. an external unit transmits power to the implanted device without penetration of the skin. not fda approved. ablatherm™ hifu system ablation ablative therapy abnormal abo antigens abo incompatibility a type of may occur as a result of such incompatibility abortafacient abortion abrasion abrasions abreva™ (docosanol 10% cream) abrupt abscess abscess scan abscession™ biliary drainage catheter absence absence seizure absinthism absolute eosinophil count a measurement (. normal absolute eosinophil counts are less than 350 cells/mcl (microliter) absolute refractory period absorb absorption abstinence abt-378 abt-378/r (lopinavir/ritonavir; kaletra™) abt-538 see "ritonavir" abutment teeth abv ac ac separation acamprosate (campral®) acampsia acanthocytosis acas (asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study) acat™ 1 intra-aortic balloon pump intra-aortic balloon pump (replaces the kaat ii plus® model) used with the narrowflex® catheter during cardiac procedures. acb (albumin cobalt binding) test blood test for the diagnosis of ischemia with results available in 30 minutes. the test is designed to rule out a myocardial infarction in patients with chest pain and for the early diagnosis of ischemia before damage occurs to the heart. not yet fda approved; 510k submitted. accelerated hypertension acceleratedapproval access mv™ system access ostase® blood test accessory digestive organs accessory movement accessory pathway access™ wand access® accutni™ a 12-minute test to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction (mi) and cardiac muscle damage; measures levels of troponin i, a cardiac-specific marker indicating heart damage when found in elevated levels. access® accutni™ test access® hybritech® psa/free psa blood tests automated psa tests, incorporated into the access® immunoassay system, for measuring psa and free psa levels in the blood; used in conjunction with digital rectal examination (dre) for monitoring and detecting prostate cancer. access® ostase® blood test automated serum-based test measures the level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bap). this test is used to aid in the management of osteoporosis and paget disease. accidental acclimatization accolate® (zafirlukast) accommodation accu-chek® complete™ blood glucose monitoring system indicated for home monitoring of blood sugar with menu-driven screens and analysis of lifestyle information, such as exercise, which may affect overall health and blood sugar control. accu-d® accu-stream™ accudexa™ bone densitometer acculase excimer laser acculink™ self-expanding stent accumeter® disposable, single-use, cassette-based, point-of-care assay system. specimen: blood; time between fingerstick and availability of results for physician evaluation is approximately 15 minutes. currently marketed products include accumeter theophylline and accumeter cholesterol test kits; additional accumeter-based test kits approved by the fda and scheduled for release include fructosamine, osteoporosis, and hdl cholesterol. accumeter® assay system and test kits accumulation accuneb™ (albuterol sulfate) inhalation solution a premixed, premeasured, reduced-dose albuterol inhalation solution for relief of bronchospasm in patients 2 to 12 years of age with asthma (reversible obstructive airway disease). accuneb, designed specifically for the treatment of pediatric patients, is provided in unit-dose vials and in two dosage strengths: 1.25 mg/3 ml and 0.63 mg/3 ml, expressed as albuterol, equivalent to 1.5 and 0.75 mg albuterol sulfate respectively. accuport seal accuprobe® 600 system (cryotherapy probe) accuretic™ (quinapril hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide) accurun™ test control monitoring system product line designed for monitoring the accuracy of laboratory test results by monitoring test performance. fda approved to include in vitro diagnostic (ivd) tests in its line of quality control products. accurx™ constant flow implantable pump implantable device for the treatment of intractable pain with intrathecal or epidural infusion of preservative-free morphine. not fda approved; u.s. clinical trials approved; ce mark approved. accusite™ (fluorouracil/epinephrine) injectable gel a biodegradable injectable gel that contains 5-fu as the active agent and utilizes a patented drug delivery technology which delivers the drug directly to the disease site and provides for sustained release of the drug. approval of an nda filed in september 1995 to market accusite for use in the treatment of condyloma acuminata [genital warts] has been withheld by the fda until several issues are addressed by the manufacturer. the product has been approved for this indication and is on the market in the united kingdom. accusite is also in phase iii trials regarding its use in the treatment of basal-cell skin cancer. accutni™ test accuzyme™ ace inhibitor ace inhibitors ace levels acea 1021 acel-imune® acel-imune® (diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine) previously approved for administration as the fourth and fifth doses of dpt in older children, acel-imune has now also been fda approved for the first three doses, i.e., in infants at two, four and six months. acemannan(carrisyn) acetabulum acetaminophen acetaminophen (tylenol) an analgesic and antipyretic acetazolamide 125 mg/250 mg tablets (bioequivalent to diamox®) generic bioequivalent to diamox (lederle) indicated for treatment of glaucoma and some types of epilepsy. anda fda approval. acetonemia acetylcholine acetylcholine receptor antibody test a test used to measure the amount of result acetylcholinesterase achalasia achilles tendon achilles+™ ultrasonometer diagnostic device for assessing a patient's future risk of fracture by using sound waves to measure the bone quality of the heel (os calcis). achlorhydria achondroplasia achromotrichia acid fast bacillus bacteria capable of living in acidic environments, such as inside macrophages. tuberculosis and mai/mac are acid fast bacilli acid fast organisms acid loading test (ph) acid perfusion test acid-fast stain-sputum acidity acidophilus acidosis acier stainless steel suture nonabsorbable suture for use in abdominal wound closure, hernia repair, sternal closure, and certain orthopedic procedures including cerclage and tendon repair. aciphex™ (rabeprazole sodium) acis™ (automated cellular imaging system) diagnostic system uses sensitive color imaging (255 levels of color) for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of cellular diseases; clinical studies exhibitied a 300 percent increase in the ability to detect tumor cells when compared to manual methods and resulted in 100 percent accuracy when testing for abnormal cells in the bone marrow. acit system acl acl injury acl reconstruction acne acne vulgaris acolysis acolysis™ system and probe ultrasonic device, catheter-based, which uses high-frequency sound waves to dissolve blood clots in occluded blood vessels. other applications being considered are treatment of blood clots in access and vascular grafts, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and clots causing strokes. filing with fda for ide to begin clinical trials. acorn corcap™ acoustic neuroma acova™ (argatroban) acquired aortic valvular stenosis (aavs) acquired bronchiectasis acquired deafness acquired disease acquired hyperlipidemia acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) severe manifestation of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the centers for disease control and prevention lists numerous opportunistic infections and neoplasms which, in the presence of hiv infection, constitute an alds diagnosis. in addition, a cd4 count below 200/mm3 in the presence of hiv infection constitutes an aids diagnosis. acquired immunity acquired immunodeficiency syndrome acquired leukoderma this disorder is characterized by regions of otherwise normal skin of nonpigmented white patches of varied sizes, often symmetrically distributed and usually bordered by hyperpigmented areas. hair in the affected areas is usually, but not always, white acquired leukopathia acquired platelet function defect acrocephalosyndactyly acrocephalosyndactyly type 1 acrochordon acrocyanosis acromegaly acromioclavicular dislocation acromioclavicular sprain acromion acryderm® acryderm® border island dressing acryderm® sheet™ acryderm® strands™ acryl-x™ orthopedic cement removal system ultrasonic system for separation and simultaneous removal of acrylic bone cement, reducing risk of injury to bone. acrysof® acrysof® acrylic foldable intraocular lens new acrylic foldable lens allowing smaller incision during implant surgery. acs anchor™ catheter exchange device. acs concorde™ dilatation catheter balloon dilatation catheter. acs hi-torque iron man™ guide wire flexible core, atraumatic soft-tipped guide wire is compatible with angioplasty catheters, atherectomy devices and stent delivery systems. acs hi-torque® guide wires group of over 100 coronary guide wires for a wide range of applications. group includes hi-torque® extra s'port™ and hi-torque® balance guide wires. acs hi-torque® iron man™ guide wire acs multi-link® coronary stents and systems acs multi-link® otw duet stent acs multi-link® rx duet stent acs photon™ coronary dilatation catheter balloon catheter indicated for dilatation of stenotic portions of coronary arteries or bypass graft stenosis in order to improve myocardial perfusion. see ptca. acs rx comet vp™ coronary dilatation catheter new in the comet series of cardiac angiography balloon catheters with proximal and distal markers for accurate localization and placement. acs rx comet™ angioplasty catheter for use in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (ptca) with extended pressure p-flex plus™ balloon. acs rx multi-link® coronary stent systems expandable stents and systems comprised of multiple linked rings allowing for flexibility. it is delivered to the artery via a low-compliant pe-600® balloon dilatation catheter, which is inflated to dilate the artery and then removed, leaving the stent in place to keep the artery patent. acs rx rocket™ coronary dilatation catheter balloon catheter for use in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (ptca) procedures. acs rx solaris™ coronary dilation catheter acs torquemaster™ angiography catheter for accessing difficult anatomy. acs tx2000™ coronary dilatation catheter over-the-wire (0.014), high-pressure, balloon angioplasty catheter, indicated for treatment of blocked arteries by inflating the balloon in the stenosed area, clearing the blockage. catheter is available in 15-mm and 20-mm sizes. acs:180 br (breast cancer screening test) blood test for measuring the breast cancer antigen ca 27.29, indicated as an aid in monitoring disease progression in patients with metastatic breast cancer. acs:centaur™ chemiluminescent immunoassay system cleared by the fda and scheduled for product launch in late 1997. acst tx2000™ coronary dilatation catheter act (activated clotting time) test actg see "aids clinical trials group." acth suppression test acticin® (permethrin cream 5%) acticoat™ burn dressing silver-based burn dressing for wound protection against infection-causing bacteria. acticoat® 7 wound dressing acticoat® foam dressing dressing provides an effective barrier for protection against infection-causing bacteria; indicated for use on partial- and full-thickness wounds including decubitus ulcers, first- and second-degree burns, and donor sites. acticon™ neosphincter implantable prosthesis for the treatment of severe fecal incontinence; device consists of a cuff (placed around the anal canal), a pressure-regulating balloon (placed in the abdomen), and a control pump (placed in the labium or scrotum). actigall® (ursodiol - ursodeoxycholic acid) actimmune® (interferon gamma-1b) for injection actinic keratosis actinomycosis action (a clinical trial in overt nephropathy) action potential action tremor actiprep™ topical alcohol-based anti-infective for preoperative skin preparation. actiq™ (oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate) actis vfc (venous flow controller) actis® vfc (venous flow controller) device applies tourniquet-like pressure to the base of the penis in order to correct venous leak syndrome as a treatment for erectile dysfunction. fda approved for otc marketing; previously available only by prescription. activase a thrombolytic agent which works by activating the body's own fibrinolytic system by activating the production of plasmin from plasminogen. plasmin is an clotting factors activase® (alteplase, recombinant) activate activated charcoal activa™ system/activa™ tremor control therapy utilizes implantable device to deliver mild electrical stimulation to block brain signals that cause involuntary tremor. system includes an insulated wire lead surgically implanted within the thalamus with an extension wire to a pulse generator (similar to a cardiac pacemaker) implanted near the collarbone. fda approved for treatment of patients with essential tremor or tremor associated with parkinson disease. active active control treatment a control treatment that involves use of a pharmacologically or medically active substance. active controls are used when there is already an available treatment, so the use of a placebo or no treatment would be unethical. active fixation lead activella™ (estradiol/norethindrone acetate) tablets activelle™ tablets activent™ antimicrobial ventilation tubes tympanostomy tubes manufactured with silver oxide as an antimicrobial substance. activent ventilation tubes have been found in clinical trials to reduce the incidence of postoperative otorrhea by as much as 50 percent. activities of daily living (adls) activity actonel™ (risedronate) actos™ (pioglitazone hcl) tablets actros® (models d, dr, s, sr, slr, slr+) pacemakers product line of pacemakers indicated for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. actu see "aids clinical trials unit". actuarial rate (%) act® microcoil investigational device for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. the device is released into the aneurysm in order to isolate it from arterial flow and decrease the risk of rupture. to begin clinical studies; not fda approved. acufex bioabsorbable suretac suture acufex tag rod acufix™ system a multisegment plating system used in anterior cervical spine fusion procedures. acuity acular (ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5%) acular® (ketorolac tromethamine) ophthalmic solution 0.5% topical nsaid (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) indicated for postoperative treatment of inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction surgery. previously fda approved for treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. acumatch m series™ modular femoral hip prosthesis femoral hip prosthesis system with three interchangeable components that may be used in any combination for flexibility in fitting the implant to bone. acumed™ suture anchor implantable soft-tissue-to-bone anchor for use in rotator cuff and soft tissue repair of the foot and ankle. acunav™ ultrasound catheter acupuncture acuseal™ cardiovascular patch an eptfe cardiovascular patch indicated to reduce bleeding through suture holes during cardiovascular procedures. acute short term, intense symptomatology or pathology, as distinct from chronic. many diseases have an acute phase (like hiv seroconversion disease) and a chronic phase. this distinction is sometimes used in treatments, as in highdose ganciclovir for acute (or induction) treatment of cmv retinitis, followed by a lower dose for chronic (or maintenance) treatment acute adrenal crisis acute angle closure glaucoma acute aortic dissection acute brain syndrome a condition of severe confusion or rapid change in brain function. this often occurs as the result of a mental illness or physical illness. acute chemical pneumonitis acute confusional state acute demyelinating polyneuropathy acute febrile illness acute glaucoma acute glomerulonephritis acute granulocytic leukemia acute idiopathic polyneuritis acute idiopathic polyneuropathy acute intermittent porphyria acute interstitial nephritis acute kidney failure acute mi acute mountain sickness acute myeloblastic leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia acute nephritic syndrome acute nonlymphocytic leukemia acute porphyria acute pulmonary eosinophilia acute renal failure acute trials assessment of cardioversion utilizing transesophageal echocardiography: studies comparing the feasibility and safety of tee-guided early cardioversion to those of conventional management of cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. acute tubular necrosis acute urethral syndrome acute vascular occlusion a serious condition that results from the sudden blockage of an acutect (imaging agent) acutect™ kit for the preparation of tc 99m apcitid [injection]. indication: scintigraphic imaging of acute venous thrombosis in the lower extremities. acutehivinfection acyclovir (zovirax) an antiviral drug used in the treatment of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1, fever blisters, cold sores), herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2, genital herpes) and herpes zoster (shingles), and sometimes for acute varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox). acyclovir(zovirax) acylfulvene ad hoc review group a review group that is created for the sole purpose of reviewing a specific application or set of applications. also referred to as ad hoc study section, especially if the applications are for grant support. ad7c alzheimer diagnostic test adanté™ ptca balloon catheter adapt adaptation adc see "aids dementia complex" adcon-p™ adcon® a family of products designed to inhibit postsurgical adhesions which can lead to pain, impairment, and poor surgical outcome. adcon®-a adcon®-c adcon®-i adcon®-l adcon®-t/n gel add-a-cath™ - a.k.a. lawrence add-a-cath™ add-vantage® drug-delivery system intravenous drug-delivery, mixing and storing system. adderall xr™ addiction addison's disease addisonian crisis additional additive addon®-bucky adduction adductor adductor longus addvent™ atrial-ventricular pacemaker vddr mode, single-lead and dual-chamber pacemakers. adefovir (bis-pom pmea) adefovir dipivoxil (gs 840; preveon®) adeks® multivitamin supplement (containing vitamins a, d, e and k) for treatment of patients with malabsorbing conditions. product available in tablets and pediatric drops. adeks® pediatric drops multivitamin supplement (containing vitamins a, d, e and k) in liquid form for treatment of infants with malabsorbing conditions. aden fever adenectomy the surgical removal of all or part of a adenitis adenocarcinoma adenocard® (adenosine) adenoidectomy adenoids adenoma adenomyoma adenomyosis adenopathy enlargement of glands, especially the lymph nodes. adenoscan® adenovirus eia test kit enzyme immunoassay (eia) test kit for the detection of adenovirus in stool samples. adentri™ (previously cvt-124) adequate adh adh level adherence degree to which patient care exactly follows study protocol. adhesion adhesions adhesive capsulitis adicol system adipocyte adipose adipose tissue adjuvant a medication given to enhance the effect of another medication adjuvant treatment adl 2-1294 a proprietary opiate compound formulated to provide relief of hyperalgesia following abrasions, burns, contusions, or other cutaneous injuries. a topical formulation is in phase ii trials for the treatment of dermal pain and the treatment of ophthalmic pain. administration (route of administration) how a drug or therapy is introduced into the body (e.g., intravenously, or orally). adnexitis adolescent adopt adoxa™ (doxycycline) tablets adrenal cortex adrenal crisis adrenal gland adrenal gland insufficiency adrenal gland tumor adrenal gland tumors adrenal glands adrenal hyperplasia adrenal insufficiency a condition that results from the inadequate production of adrenal ) adrenal medullary imaging adrenalin adrenaline adrenergic adrenergic bronchodilators adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenogenital syndrome adrenolytic adriamycin adson forceps adson-toennis scissors adsorption adult adult onset diabetes adult respiratory distress syndrome a advair™ diskus® (salmeterol/fluticasone propionate inhalation powder) advanced cancer advantage 3000 series windows nt-based electromyography (emg) system for diagnosing nerve and muscle disorders. advaseal™ advera® caloric and protein liquid supplement (oral or parenteral) specifically developed for hiv and aids patients. advera® (caloric and protein supplement) adverse adverse experience (ae) a toxic reaction to a treatment under study. in the cpcra all grade 4, life-threatening toxicities and deaths are adverse experiences, irrespective of whether or not they are believed to be due to study drug, as are any toxicities that require permanent discontinuation of study drug. adverse reactions any undesirable effect of a medication. all drugs may cause such reactions, so that periodic monitoring is necessary to detect any that do occur, even though their occurrence may be uncommon. adverseevent advice advicor™ (extended-release niacin/lovastatin) ae see "adverse experience" aecd (automatic external cardioverter-defibrillator) device which monitors cardiac rhythm, automatically defibrillating the patient if a life-threatening abnormal heart beat is detected. aegis vortex™ system aegis™ icd (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) system aer adverse experience report: a document in a prespecified format used to collect information on all reportable adverse experiences aerosolized a form of administration in which a drug, such as pentamidine, is turned into a fine spray or mist by a nebulizer, and inhaled. aer plus™ (automatic endoscope reprocessor) self-contained system for cleaning and disinfection of flexible endoscopes. aerobic aerobic bacteria aerodose® inhaler hand-held, battery-powered device delivers drug to upper respiratory tract and lungs; models include aerodose sdc (single-dose cartridge), aerodose mdc (multi-dose canister), aerodose dcc (dual-chamber canister), and aerodose tc (titratable cartridge). see manufacturer's site for additional information. aerodose® inhaler(s) aerogastralgia aerolizer™ inhaler aeroneb inline™ nebulizer aeroneb™ portable nebulizer approved for use with physician-prescribed commercially available nebulizer solutions for the treatment of various respiratory problems in adult and pediatric patients. aeroneb is a small (weighs less than 12 ounces) general purpose nebulizer that can operate on four aa batteries, a car cigarette lighter, or ac current. aerophagia aerophagy aerosol aerosol pentamidine (nebupent, pentam, pneumopent) aerosolized aerospan® (flunisolide hfa) aeroview™ optical intubation system intubation system provides digital imaging for guiding placement of endotracheal tubes. aerx pain management system aerx™ aerx™ diabetes management system aerx™ pain management system in phase ii trials. the aerx pain management system delivers morphine by inhalation and is designed to be a home-use, patient-controlled system utilized by cancer and hiv patients for relief of chronic pain as well as by surgical patients for relief of acute postoperative pain. in phase iib trials as of january 2001. if the device is cleared for marketing by the fda, it could be an alternative to morphine delivery via infusion pump for relief of breakthrough pain. aesculap® abc cervical plating system aescula™ left ventricular (lv) lead aesop 2000 aesop 2000 (automated endoscopic system for optimal positioning) voice-controlled surgical robot is used by surgeons to maneuver and position laparoscopes. aesop® 3000 endoscopic system surgeon-controlled, robotic, voice-command, endoscopic system indicated for minimally invasive cardiothoracic procedures. aetiology afb see acid-fast bacillus. afb smear a laboratory technique for visualizing mycobacteria under the microscope. smear results are usually available within a few days, and they correlate strongly with infectiousness, especially in untreated patients. however, a "positive" result cannot distinguish between tb , mai or other mycobacterial infections. afebrile without a fever. afferent nerve affinity affinity blood pump blood pump indicated for blood handling during heart and lung bypass surgery. affinity™ oxygenator oxygenator with specially treated heparin-coated trillium™ biopassive surface for use in heart/lung bypass procedures. affinity™ pacemaker (pacesetter affinity™ pacemaker) affinity® cage system indication: use in anterior cervical interbody fusion procedures in skeletally mature patients with cervical disk disease at one level from the c2-c3 disk to the c7-t1 disk. affinity implants are to be used with autogenous bone graft and implanted via an open, anterior approach. affirm new 99% accuracy one-step pregnancy test which detects chorionic gonadotropin in human urine. test is effective as early as the first day of a missed period, and may be taken at any time of the day, giving visual results in one to two minutes. aflexa (glucosamine) afocus™ catheter family of steerable diagnostic catheters that provide circumferential electrical recording for mapping atrial structures and assist in the diagnosis and subsequent ablation treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (paf); available in 10- to 14-french electrode configurations. afp after abrupt cessation after cessation of smoking afterload afterpotential ag ii chemistry analyzer system computerized system for chemical analysis with the ability to perform up to 280 tests in an hour. ag-1343 agalactia agammaglobulinaemia age (advanced glycosylation end-product) age spots agenerase™ (amprenavir; a.k.a. 141w94 or vx-478) agent agf™ (autologous growth factors™) agglutination agglutination test aggrastat® (tirofiban) aggravation aggregation aggrenox™ (dipyridamole/aspirin) extended-release capsules aggressiveness agiltrac™ peripheral dilatation catheter indicated for dilatation of stenoses in the peripheral arteries and for the treatment of obstructive lesions of native or synthetic arteriovenous dialysis fistulae. agitation agnogenic myeloid metaplasia agonist agoraphobia agranulocytosis agrylin™ (anagrelide hydrochloride) [not agrlin] agrylin™ (anagrelide hydrochloride) capsules [not agrlin*] original indication: treatment of patients with essential thrombocythemia. expanded indication: treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia vera (pv) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml), to reduce the elevated platelet count and the risk of thrombosis and to ameliorate associated symptoms. thrombocythemia (elevated blood platelet counts) is associated with thrombosis (blood clots) causing heart attacks and strokes. aguesia ahn thrombectomy catheter dual-balloon, silicone catheter indicated for safe removal of clots from blood vessels. the distal balloon is used for emboli removal, while the second proximal balloon allows the physician direct visualization to monitor balloon inflation. aids aids blood test aids clinical trials group (actg) a clinical trials network of 59 medical centers, sponsored by the national institute of allergy and infectious disease, which conducts multicenter trials of treatments for aids/hiv and opportunistic infections. aids clinical trials unit (actg) a site within the actg. aids clinical trials unit (actu) aids dementia complex a degenerative neurological condition, with a wide variety of clinical presentations, including loss of coordination, mood swings and loss of inhibitions, and finally wide spread cognitive deficit, aids dementia complex is generally thought to be caused by hiv itself aids testing a test which is performed on a standard with hiv aids vaccine evaluation unit (aveu) one of niaid's clinical research sites for vaccine trials. aids(acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome) aids-definingillness aidsclinicaltrialsgroup(actg) aidsdementiacomplex aidsvax™ an investigational vaccine for the prevention of aids. ailee sutures and needles product line of sutures and needles: catgut plain (general soft tissue/ophthalmic), silk (soft tissue, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, neural), chromic gut (general soft tissue/ophthalmic), polyglycolic acid (pga), polyester (general soft tissue, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, neural), nylon (general soft tissue, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, neural), and polypropylene (general soft tissue, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, neural). air embolism air pulse sensory stimulator device, comprised of a flexible fiberoptic endoscopic tube connected to an air pulse generator, used to measure sensory loss in the throat and larynx. puffs of air elicit an involuntary throat reflex unless the patient has a loss of feeling in the area. knowledge of sensory loss in the throat will lead to more precise therapeutic maneuvers to ensure a safer swallow for the patient, especially the geriatric patient, and may reduce the incidence of pneumonia. air-limb™ device provides graduated sequential compression to protect and control edema following lower extremity amputation; designed for immediate postoperative use. airis® ii mri system airmax external nasal dilator designed to improve breathing capacity during exercise. airozin™ otc nutritional supplement for the management of asthma; blocks the production of leukotrienes. airozin is a citrus-flavored liquid emulsion to be taken once daily as a dietary component of an existing asthma treatment regimen. product launch scheduled for mid-2002. akathisia akinesia al-721 ala photodynamic therapy in phase iii trials for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses. trials involve the use of a 20% ala topical solution and a fixed dose of non-laser blue light (a proprietary light alactasia alalia alamast™ (pemirolast potassium ophthalmic solution, 0.1%) an ocular allergy medication (eye drops) indicated for the prevention of itching due to allergic conjunctivitis. dosage/administration: one to two drops in affected eye(s) q.i.d. available by prescription only alanine alanine aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase (alt) a liver enzyme, measured through a blood test, that indicates the health of the liver. lower counts are better. levels may go up because of hepatitis and other infections, or because of drug toxicities alastat allergy immunoassay system albendazole albert grass® heritage digital eeg system new digital electroencephalogram (eeg) system utilizing grass® amplifiers and harmonie software program for digital monitoring and analysis of neurophysiological disorders. albinism albright's syndrome albuferon™ albumin albumin cobalt binding (acb) test albuminuria albunex albunex (albumin, human sonicated, 5 percent) an ultrasound contrast agent already approved for cardiac diagnostics, has applied to fda for new indication approval, for use in determining fallopian tube patency in relation to a possible diagnosis of infertility. if approved for this new indication, patients will have an alternative to current standard diagnostic methods such as x-ray based hysterosalpingography or surgical laparoscopy. albutropin™ (recombinant growth hormone) alcaptonuria alcohol alcohol withdrawal alcoholic cardiomyopathy alcoholic cirrhosis alcoholic encephalopathy alcoholic ketoacidosis alcoholic liver disease alcoholic polyneuropathy alcoholism aldara™ (imiquimod) cream aldehyde aldolase aldosterone aldosteronism aldrich syndrome aldurazyme™ (laronidase) alert alert period alert system external generator and catheter system for providing electrical impulses directly into the heart in order to convert a patient from atrial fibrillation to a normal sinus rhythm. ce mark approved in europe; to begin clinical trials in the usa. alesse™ (100 mcg levonorgestrel/20 mcg ethinyl estradiol) aleukemia aleukemic alexa 1000 system noninvasive diagnostic system for determination of whether a breast lesion is malignant or benign (reportedly 95% accurate), as an alternative to more invasive surgical breast biopsy procedures. immediate diagnostic results are provided by the alexagram test. alexa 1000 system (breast diagnostic) system alexagram (breast lesion diagnostic) test alexia alferon n gel® natural alpha interferon, or interferon alfa-n3, in a hydrophilic gel base. currently in clinical trials for the treatment of vaginal genital warts. alferon® n (interferon alfa-n3) injection approved in 1989 for treatment of refractory or recurring genital or venereal warts; currently in clinical trials related to the treatment of hcv (hepatitis c virus) and hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) infections as well as hcv/hiv co-infection. alfimeprase algiderm calcium alginate gel with ability absorb 20 times its own weight in exudate. algology the science and study of pain phenomena. algomed™ infusion system algo® newborn hearing screener alibra™ alibra™ (alprostadil/prazosin hcl) a two-drug combination therapy formulated into a microsuppository and delivered to the urethra via a single-use plastic applicator for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. nda filed in december 1999 has been withdrawn; decision to resubmit the nda is awaiting a meeting with the fda to determine what additional data is required to obtain marketing clearance. alicaforsen (a.k.a. isis 2302) an icam-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule) inhibitor in phase iii clinical trials for the treatment crohn disease. alice® 4 diagnostic sleep system polysomnographic monitoring and data analysis system for evaluation of symptoms associated with sleep disorders. alice® system portable laptop, computer-based system that collects patient data at one location with the capability to transfer collected data to another location. alienia alimentary alimentary canal alimentation aliminase™ alimta™ (multitargeted antifolate [mta]) alimta™ (multitargeted antifolate [mta]; ly231514) currently in phase iii clinical trials for the treatment of mesothelioma. alimta is also being evaluated for the treatment of non-small cell lung, breast, and colon cancers. alista™ topical preparation to be evaluated in phase ii clinical trials for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction (fsd). alive (azimilide postinfarct survival evaluation) alkaline alkaline phosphatase a liver enzyme, measured through a blood test, that indicates the health of the liver. lower counts are better. levels may go up because of hepatitis and other infections, or because of drug toxicities alkaline phosphatase (alk phos) alkalinephosphatase- alkaloid alkalosis alkaptonuria the and tyrosine. the urine may be quite dark, particularly when allowed to stand alkphase-b® alkylate allegra-d® (fexofenadine hcl 60 mg/pseudoephedrine hcl 120 mg) allegra-d® (fexofenadine hcl/pseudoephedrine hcl) extended-release tablets combination tablet containing 60 mg fexofenadine and 120 mg pseudoephedrine indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 12 years of age and older. recommended dosage/administration: one tablet b.i.d. allegra® (fexofenadine hcl) allele allergen allergens allergic allergic alveolitis allergic asthma allergic conjunctivitis allergic reaction allergic reactions allergic rhinitis allergist allergist/immunologist allergy allergy shots allergy testing allevyn hydrocellular foam dressing for moderate to highly exudative wounds. dressing is used to absorb wound exudate. allevyn cavity wound dressings are circular and oval dressings that contain hydrocellular foam chips in a perforated film sac. allhat clinical cardiology study comparing the effects of antihypertensive medications used in combination with lipid-lowering treatment in the prevention of heart attacks. alliance™ catheter delivery system alligator grasper/forceps nonreflective, 34 cm. allis forceps nonreflective, 37 cm. allocation ratio treatment allocation ratio. for example, 1:1 is equal allocation, 3:1 is 75% in one group, and 25% in the other allocation strata treatment allocation strata. allocations are generally balanced within strata such as cpcra unit alloderm® (acellular tissue matrix) allodynia allogeneic allogeneic bone marrow transplantation allogen® an infused allogeneic (donor-derived) adult mesenchymal stem cell product in clinical trials in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of high-risk hematological malignancies, e.g., acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and non-hodgkin lymphoma. allograft allomatrix™ injectable putty a bone graft substitute in putty form for use in procedures such as the grouting of fracture gaps due to trauma and as an extender to autograft in spinal fusions. the putty can also be injected into bone defects using a custom syringe. allomune™ system allosling™ product line for use in surgical treatment of female incontinence; products include the allosling™ fascia, a preharvested natural-tissue graft material for use in sling procedures, and access™ instruments. allovectin-7® alm self-retaining retractor almeida's disease a is also typical. more commonly seen in south america and the tropics alocril™ (nedocromil sodium ophthalmic solution, 2% aloe aloe vesta antifungal ointment skin care product. aloe vesta perineal foam/solution/solution ii skin care product. aloe vesta protective ointment skin care product. alond® (zopolrestat) alopecia alopecia areata alora® (estradiol transdermal system) alora® (estradiol) transdermal patch alosetron hcl (lotronex™) alpert syndrome alpha dx™ system alpha interferon alpha-antitrypsinase alpha-antitrypsins alpha-bsm™ alpha-fetoprotein a alphagan® (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution, 2%) alphagan® p (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution, 15%) alphagan® p (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution, 15%; preserved with purite®) indication: lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. alphainterferon(roferon,introna) alphastar™ operating room table newly designed operating table with three ergonomic control systems which enable more patient-positioning orientations and improved c-arm and x-ray positioning for increased patient comfort and surgical access. alport syndrome alprox-td™ (alprostadil) alrex® (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension 2%) indicated in the treatment of ophthalmic allergies such as seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. available by prescription only. alrt1550 capsules a new investigational anticancer agent in phase i/iia clinical trials for the treatment of advanced cancers. developed by allergan ligand retinoid therapeutics inc. als alt see "alanine aminotransferase" alternative hypothesis 1. in a trial, the alternative hypothesis might be that a treatment of unknown efficacy has more benefit than the standard treatment. the alternative hypothesis is an alternative to the null hypothesis of no difference that specifies some true underlying difference of set of differences between two or more populations or groups with regard to some function, trait, characteristic, or effect. it may be stated in such a way so as to be concerned with a difference(s) in only one direction (one-sided alternative hypothesis) or in either direction (two-sided alternative hypothesis) relative to the null value. 2. alternative treatment hypothesis. alt(alanineaminotransaminase) altace® (ramipril) capsules altaire™ open mri system high-field magnetic resonance imaging (mri) system in an open environment. altastaph™ (a.k.a. nabi-altastaph™) alteplase alteregoism alternans test alternate alternative alternative hypothesis alternative medicine alternativemedicine altitude sickness altocor™ (lovastatin) extended-release tablets altropane™ aluviran alvameline (lu25-109) alveolar abscess alveolar proteinosis alveoli alveolitis alveolus alvimopan (adl 8-2698) alzheimer's disease alzhemed™ amalgam amanita phalloides amaryl® (glimepiride) tablets amaurosis amaurosis fugax this refers to a that supply the brain ambidexterity ambisome ambisome® (liposomal amphotericin b) injection amblyopia ambulant ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring amebiasis amebic abscess amebic dysentery amelia amenorrhea the absence of menses. the most common cause for in premenopausal females is pregnancy amenorrhoea amerge™ (naratriptan hydrochloride) tablets american cancer society american cancer society, inc. american sign language (asl) ametria ametropia amevive™ amfar american foundation for aids research amicus™ separator automated system for collection of platelets and other blood components. platelet products are leuko-reduced (low white blood cell count) eliminating the need for further filtering of white cells, which are associated with transfusion reactions. amikacin an antibiotic used as a component in combination therapy to treat tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium complex. amine amino acid any one of 20 or more organic acids, some of which are the building blocks for proteins and are necessary for metabolism and growth. amino acid chelated amino acids aminoacid aminoglycoside aminoglycosides amiodarone amistad (acute myocardial infarction study of adenosine) amitril amitriptyline (amitril, elavil) amlexanox amnesia a partial or complete loss of memory. the spontaneous development of ) amniocentesis amnion amniotic fluid amoebiasis amo® array® foldable intraocular lens (iol) foldable iol which provides a broader range of functional vision than more limited monofocal iols. amo® sensar posterior chamber intraocular lens (iol) amo® sensar™ posterior chamber intraocular lens (iol)/model ar40 soft acrylic, uv light-absorbing, posterior chamber iol for correction of aphakia after cataract extraction; indicated for patients 60 years of age or older. ampalex™ ampere ampere-hour amphetamine amphetamines amphotericin b (fungizone) an antifungal drug that is used to treat fungal infections in persons with hiv, including candida, cryptococcus, histoplasmosis, and others. amphotericinb amplatz thrombectomy device (clot buster) amplicor hiv-1 monitor test amplified ct (chlamydia trachomatis) assay - a.k.a. genprobe amplified ct test/assay ampligen® amplitude. ampoule amprenavir (agenerase™) amprenavir (vx-478) ampulla of vater amputations amrinone ams 600 malleable penile prosthesis prosthetic device for treatment of erectile dysfunction. ams 600m malleable penile prosthesis ams 600m malleable penile prothesis prosthetic device for treatment of erectile dysfunction. ams 650 malleable penile prosthesis prosthetic device for treatment of erectile dysfunction. ams 700cx inflatable penile prosthesis indicated for treatment of erectile dysfunction. ams 700cxm inflatable penile prosthesis indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. ams 800 sphincter urinary prosthesis device for treatment of urinary incontinence. ams ambicor penile prosthesis indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. ams autoclavable laparoscope instrument for use in laparoscopic procedures. ams autoclavable laparoscopes ams coaguloop™ ams endoview camera device for use in endoscopic procedures. ams endoview camera (endoscopy camera) ams prostaject™ ethanol injection system transurethral therapy for the treatment of benign prostetic hyperplasia (bph). the system involves the use of a precision injection technique to deliver medical-grade ethanol to ablate cells of an enlarged prostate gland. in clinical trials; not fda approved for marketing. ams securo-t urinary prosthesis device for treatment of urinary incontinence. ams sparc™ sling system amsa block amsler grid amylase a pancreatic enzyme. high levels in the blood may indicate pancreatic damage. amyloidosis a disease which is characterized by the deposition of the fibrous amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) ana ana kit ana titers anabolic anabolic steroid anabolic steroids anabolicsteroid anabolism anaconda™ device and delivery system modular system for endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. under fluoroscopic guidance, the ring stent is advanced via the femoral or iliac artery through a catheter placed over a guide wire. a special magnetic guiding system facilitates accurate placement of the graft/stent. not fda approved; in clinical trials in europe. anaemia anaerobic anaerobic bacteria anaesthesia anaesthetic anal anal atresia a of the anal opening. occurs in approximately 1 in 5,000 infants. this condition is corrected through surgery anal fissures tears or superficial lacerations that can occur in the that lines the anal canal anal fistula analeptic analgesic a compound used to reduce or treat pain. examples of analgesics include aspirin, morphine, and acetaminophen. analgesic agent analgesic nephropathy analgesics analog (analogue) a chemical compound with a structure similar to that of another but differing from it in respect to a certain component; it may have a similar or opposite action metabolically. analogous analysis analysis by intention to treat a method of data analysis in which the primary tabulations and companion summaries of outcome data are by assigned treatment, regardless of treatment adherence. see also "analysis by treatment administered." analysis by treatment administered a method of data analysis in which the primary tabulations and companion summaries of outcome data are by treatment administered, not be treatment assigned (see taylor et al, 1982, for usage example). see also "analysis by intention to treat." anamnesis anaphylactic anaphylactic reactions anaphylactic shock a life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by a swelling of body tissues (including the throat) and a sudden decline in blood pressure; can be (rarely) triggered by medication. anaphylactoid purpura anaphylaxis anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid anastaflo™ anastomosis anatomical anatomy anchorlok® soft-tissue anchor self-tapping anchor for reattaching ligaments and tendons, as well as other soft tissues, to bone. available in four sizes. anchor™ catheter exchange device. anchor™ catheter exchange device ancillary trial an investigation, stimulated by the trial and intended to generate information of interest to the trial, that is designed and carried out by investigators from one or more of the centers in the trial and that utilizes resources of the trials (e.g., money, study patients, staff time, etc.), but that is not a required part of the design or data collection procedures of the main trial. anconeus ancure™ abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) system anda (abbreviated new drug application) a simplified submission permitted for a duplicate of an already approved drug. andas are for products with the same or very closely related active ingredients, dosage form, strength, administration route, use, and labeling as a product that has already been shown to be safe and effective. an anda includes all the information on chemistry and manufacturing controls found in a new drug application (nda), but does not have to include data from studies in animals and humans. it must, however, contain evidence that the duplicate drug is bioequivalent to the previously approved drug. anderson clamp andractim™ (dihydrotestosterone gel) in phase iii clinical trials for the treatment of geriatric hypogonadism (male hormone deficiency in mature men). other trials are being conducted to evaluate andractim in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph). androgel-dht™ androgel™ (testosterone gel) androgen a masculinizing hormone, e.g. testosterone androgenic androgenic alopecia androgenic hormones androgenital syndrome a genetic disorder present at birth characterized by a deficiency of the ). in males this may manifest as enlarged penis, small testes, and early development of masculine characteristics. in females features include ambiguous genitalia, failure to menstruate, deep voice, and excessive hair androgens androsorb™ androtab-sl® androtest-sl® anecdotal evidence anemia a condition in which there is a decreased volume of red cells in the blood. there are many causes for anemia, including drug toxicities and chronic infections. the most common way in which anemia is measured is by the titer of hemoglobin (hgb) in peripheral venous blood. anemia of chronic disease anemia, hemolytic anencephaly anergia anergic refers to the state of being so immunologically suppressed that one is unable to produce cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (dth). such patients will usually not test positive for tb on a ppd (mantoux) test. anervax™ investigational vaccine shown in clinical trials to be beneficial in the treatment of advanced rheumatoid arthritis. anesthesia anesthesiologist anesthetic anesthetics aneurx™ (bifurcated) stent graft system aneurx™ dta stent graft system aneurx™ ids delivery system aneurx™ stent graft system used for endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. device is deployed through a catheter in the femoral artery as a less-invasive alternative to open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. aneurysm aneurysms aneuvysion™ assay angecool™ radio frequency (rf) catheter-ablation system cool-tipped, disposable, rf catheter ablation system for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart beats), including supraventricular and rapid rhythms. the minimally invasive procedure is accomplished by advancing the catheter to the heart through the arteriovenous system and utilizes radio frequency to ablate the abnormal electrical pathway which is causing the cardiac arrhythmia. not yet fda approved. angefix™ lead system lead system for pacing, sensing, and defibrillation; helix-tip design for lead fixation in the heart. ce mark approved; not yet fda approved. angeflex™ lead system angepass™ lead system single-pass lead system provides pacing, sensing and defibrillation capabilities. model 4040, size 7.5 french, is indicated for placement in the right ventricle with a fixation tip. model 4080, size 7.5 french, is indicated for placement in the superior vena cava (svc). cleared for clinical trials. angiitis angina angina pectoris anginal angio-seal® (6 french) angio-seal® (8 french) a mechanical and biochemical seal used to close arterial puncture wounds created during diagnostic and therapeutic catheterization procedures, such as cardiac angiographies and angioplasties. angio-seal will seal a puncture wound (size 8 french or smaller) in minutes, as opposed to applying pressure to the site which takes up to 20 minutes. angiocardiography angiocol™ angiodynamics® abscession™ biliary drainage catheter angiodynography angioedema a condition (often allergic) characterized by the development of ) angiofibroma (nasal) angiogenesis the process of forming new blood vessels. angiogenesis is essential for the growth of tumors, especially ks angiogenic gene therapy treatment investigational treatment delivers a growth factor gene to diseased portions of the coronary arteries, triggering the production of a protein that stimulates the growth of new blood vessels; these vessels bypass occluded arteries to the heart. growth factor is delivered via catheter during angiography, and is indicated for the treatment of angina due to coronary artery disease. animal studies indicate that blood flow and heart function may be restored within two weeks. angiogram angiography angiojet® thrombectomy™ system angioma (cherry) angiomark® (ms-325) angiomax™ (bivalirudin) angioneurotic angioneurotic edema angioplasty angioptic™ microcatheter angiorad™ radiation system investigational radiology system is used during angioplasty procedures to prevent restenosis. the occluded vessel is first opened via balloon angioplasty, and then the gamma-based, radioactive wire is placed in the area for prevention of restenosis. clinical trials are studying the efficacy of this treatment in preventing restenosis in patients treated via balloon angioplasty and/or balloon angioplasty with stenting. angiosarcoma angiostent™ balloon-expandable stent and delivery system indicated for the treatment of malignant strictures in the biliary tree. angiotensin converting enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme blood assay angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor angiozyme™ angle closure glaucoma angstrom™ ii icd (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) a thin-profile (12-mm) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, the smallest icd available to date, with a maximum stored energy of 42 joules. angstrom™ md icd (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) angulation anhidrosis anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia anhydrous anhydrovinblastine (avlb) anidulafungin (formerly v-echinocandin) animal dander anionic aniridia anisocoria anisocytosis ankle sprain ankylosing spondylitis ankylosis annamycin a liposomal anthracycline for the treatment of various cancers, including multiple-drug-resistant tumors and leukemias. currently in phase ii clinical trials in patients with refractory breast cancer. additional phase i/ii trials have begun to evaluate the efficacy of annamycin in the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (aml), acute lymphocytic leukemia (all), or blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml). annotation annular pancreas annuloflo™ annuloplasty ring system annuplasty ring system designed for repairing aortic valves by restoring dilated orifices to normal size. annulus anode anogenital anogesic® (nitroglycerin ointment) anomaly anomaly (anatomic) anorchia anorectal anorectal abscess anorectal fistula anorexia lack of or complete loss of appetite for food. anorexia nervosa anoscope anoscopy anosmia anovulatory anoxia anscore™ health management system noninvasive diagnostic system assesses heart rate variability (hrv) for screening of autonomic dysfunction and monitoring the progression of autonomic neuropathy. collected data is transmitted to a data calculation center that uses advanced software to analyze and return test results within 15 minutes. anspach suture anchor anchoring device designed for soft tissue-to-bone fixation; specifically not for use in acl repairs. antacid antacids antagonism the opposite of synergy. one factor (treatment) reduces or cancels the effect of another antagonist antagon™ (ganirelix acetate) injection, 250 ug/0.5 ml indication: to inhibit premature luteinizing hormone (lh) surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. this new treatment, which can be self-administered by subcutaneous injection, reduces the number of days of medication necessary to suppress lh surges, thus inhibiting ovulation so that the eggs remain available for retrieval by a fertility specialist. antagon™ (ganirelix acetate) injection antecedent antegrade antegrade infusion antegren® (natalizumab) antenatal before the time of birth. anterior the front, or forward part of something anterior chamber of the eye anterior cruciate anterior drawer test anterior dynamized system (ads) spinal intervertebral body fixation orthosis, consisting of dynamized closed screws, closed transverse fixator connector, anterior rods and closed blocker. anterior infarction anterior temporal lobe lesions anterograde anterograde conduction anteromedial cusp anthelmintic anthrax anti-b4 blocked ricin anti-bacterial soap anti-convulsants anti-dnase b this is a serologic specimen anti-fungal creams anti-fungal pills anti-idiotype anti-inflammatories anti-inflammatory anti-inflammatory agent anti-inflammatory agents anti-inflammatory drugs anti-insulin antibody test anti-microsomal antibodies anti-microsomal antibody anti-mitochondrial antibodies anti-nuclear antibody titers anti-p antibody anti-pr-3 elisa autoimmune test anti-spasmodic anti-streptolysin o titers anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies antiacid antiallergic antialopecia factor antianatomical antibacterial antibacterial foley catheter antibacterial ointment antibacterial soap antibiogramme antibiotherapy antibiotic a chemical substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria; some antibiotics are used to treat infectious diseases. antibiotic eye drops antibiotic induced enteritis antibiotic induced gastroenteritis antibiotic ointment a ointment (or cream) based medication that kills . examples include neosporin, bactroban, garamycin, bacitracin, gentamicin, mupirocin, neomycin, silver sulfasalazine, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin antibiotic ointments antibiotics antibiotics intravenously antibodies antibody a protein molecule in the blood serum or other body fluids that destroys or neutralizes bacteria, viruses, or other harmful toxins. antibody production occurs in response to the presence of an antagonistic, usually foreign substance (antigen) in the body. they are members of a class of proteins known as immunoglobulins that are produced and secreted by b-lymphocytes in response to stimulation by an antigen. the antigen/antibody reaction forms the basis of humoral (non-cellular) immunity. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) an immune response in which antibodies bind to target cells, identifying them for attack by the immune system. anticholinergic anticholinergic effect anticholinergic effects those effects include rapid . more extreme cases include flushed face, confusion, violent behavior, and elevated body temperature anticholinergics anticoagulant anticoagulant (also called blood thinner.) anticoagulation anticonvulsant anticonvulsants anticort (procaine hci) antidepressant antidepressant medication antidepressant medications antidepressants a group of medications designed to reduce the antidiabetic antidiarrheals antidiuretic antidiuretic hormone antidiuretic hormone assay antidopaminergic antidote antidyskinetic medication antidyskinetics antiemetic an agent that prevents nausea and vomiting. antiemetics antiepileptic antiexudative antifibrinolytic antifungal antigen any substance that antagonizes or stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies, proteins that fight antigens. antigens are often foreign substances such as bacteria or viruses that invade the body. antigen presenting cell (apc) a white blood cell that devours foreign bodies, breaks them down, and carries characteristic antigen peptides to it's surface. the foreign antigen, complexed with mhc i or ii is presented to cd4 or cd8 to initiate an immune response specific to that peptide. antigenemia the presence of detectable amounts of an antigen in the blood. antigenic drift a change that occurs on the molecular level to effect a change in the antigenicity of a ) vaccine antigenpresentingcell(apc antigens a foreign substance, antihistamine antihistamine drugs antihistamines antihypertensive antihypertensive agents antiinfective antiinflammatory antimetabolites antimicrobial antimitotic antimycotic antineoplastic antinuclear antibodies antioestrogenic antioxidant a substance that inhibits oxidation or reactions promoted by oxygen or peroxides. antioxidant nutrients protect human cells from damage caused by "free radicals": highly reactive oxygen compounds. antioxidants antiparietal cell antibodies antiperistalsis reverse ; a wave of contraction in the gi tract which moves contents toward the oral end antiphlogistic antiphospholipid antibodies antiphospholipid syndrome antiplatelet antiproliferative antipruritic antipsychotic antipsychotic drugs antipsychotics antipyretic a compound that reduces fever antiretroviral a substance, drug, or process that destroys a retrovirus, or suppresses it's replication. often used to describe a drug active against hiv antisense complementary: an antisense compound is the mirror image of the genetic sequence that it is suppose to inactivate. antisense drugs antisensedrug antiseptic sterilized, or clean of any microorganisms. antiseptic mouthwash antisocial personality disorder antispasmodic antispasmodics antithrombin antithrombin iii antithrombin iii (atiii), transgenic form antithrombin iii assay antithrombin iii deficiency antithrombogenic antithromboplastin antithrombotic antithyroglobulin antibody a serologic antithyroid agents antitoxin antitumour antitussive antivenom antiviral a substance, drug, or process which destroys a virus or suppresses its replication. can apply to anti-hiv activity, or other viruses, such as herpes or cmv antivirogram™ diagnostic testing procedure/system to evaluate resistance of hiv to antiretroviral drugs thereby allowing physicians to optimize treatment choices for their hiv/aids patients. service provided by labcorp; turnaround time is three to four weeks. antizol™ (fomepizole) for injection antova™ (humanized anti-cd40 ligand antibody; hu5c8) clinical trials related to the treatment of factor v syndrome, islet cell transplantation, and multiple sclerosis have been placed on hold; renal transplantation trials and trials related to treatment of itp and systemic lupus erythematosus have been stopped at this time until some adverse events can be evaluated. it is unknown if trials will begin again at a future date. antrectomy antrin™ anuria anus anvirzel™ anxiety anxiety reaction anxiolytic anzemet™ (dolasetron mesylate) aoo aoor aorta aortic arch aortic arch syndrome aortic connector system™ system for performance of sutureless anastomoses during coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) procedures. the connector, a mechanical device and component of the system, is deployed to instantly anastomose the proximal site; development is underway on a similar product for anastomosis of the distal site. not yet fda approved. aortic cusps aortic insufficiency aortic occlusion aortic regurgitation aortic ridge aortic stenosis aortic ultrasound aortic valve aortography aortoiliac egs® system endovascular grafting system, a minimally invasive catheter-based system, which implants a sutureless prosthesis for repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms, indicated for when one iliac artery is not suited for endovascular placement of an implant. tube and bifurcated egs® systems are also in clinical trials. aortotomy apan™ investigational β-amyloid aggregation inhibitor for the treatment of alzheimer disease. currently in phase i clinical trials. apareunia apastia fasting; refusal to eat apathy apc see "antigen presenting cell" apc study apdyne phenol applicator kit phenol applicator for topical local anesthesia of the tympanic membrane during myringotomy procedures. apert syndrome apex apgar score aphasia complete or partial loss of the ability to speak, or understand speech. aphonia aphrasia aphthasol™ (amlexanox 5%) paste aphthous ulcers aphthousulcer apical abscess apical impulse aplasia aplastic aplastic anaemia aplastic anemia apley tests apligraf™ apm-2000™ vital signs monitor device monitors, records, and is capable of telecommunicating ecg, pulse, temperature, respirations, and oxygen saturation data. apnea apnoea apob 100 apocii assay apolipoprotein b100 apolipoprotein cii apollo 95e tooth-whitening and curing system laser-free device whitens discolored teeth and cures restorative composite materials in one to three seconds. apollo™ dxa bone densitometry system device for measurement of bone mineral density (bmd) for identifying patients at risk of osteoporotic fractures due to reduced bone mass. device provides bmd and t-score results in 15 seconds from analysis of the os calcis (heel). apollo® hip system hip prosthesis indicated for use in total hip replacement procedures. apollo® knee system knee prosthesis indicated for use in total knee replacement procedures. apomate™ (radiopharmaceutical imaging agent) apoplexy apoprotein b100 apoprotein cii assay apoptosis "cell suicide". thought to be primarily a way that the body clears out immune cells that respond to the body's own proteins, apoptosis involves a complete physical destruction of a cell, driven by enzymes. apoptosis also occurs when one receptor on a cd4 cell is triggered without the normal "co-activation" signal. abnormal apoptosis may be elevated in persons with hiv. appendectomy appendicitis appendicular skeleton appendix a worm-shaped process projecting from the blind end of the application apposition approximate approximator clamp apraxia apra™ (ct-2584 mesylate) apri™ (desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol) tablets brand name generic oral contraceptive; bioequivalent to desogen™ (organon pharmaceutical) and ortho-cept® (r.w. johnson pharmaceutica) tablets. aps™ iii programming and diagnostic device for use with the pacesetter trilogy® pacemaker series. apthera® (amlexanox oral paste, 5%) apthous ulcer a sore of indeterminate origin in the mouth or esophagus. some apthous ulcers have been linked to cmv or ddc use. aptosyn™ (exisulind) - formerly fgn-1™ and prevatac™ aquacel hydrofiber ™ high absorbant, nonadhering wound dressing or packing. aquaflow™ collagen glaucoma drainage system aquaphor gauze available in sizes 3 x 3 and 3 x 8. aquatab® aquavan™ injection a water-soluble prodrug of propofol (diprivan® injectable emulsion). aquavan, a rapid-acting acting sedative/hypnotic, is currently in phase ii trials to evaluate its safety, tolerability, and efficacy compared to diprivan for use in preoperative sedation, anesthesia induction and maintenance, and postoperative icu sedation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. aqueous aqueous humor aquilion™ ct scanner one-half second, helical, whole-body computed tomography (ct) scanner with multi-slice imaging for faster, more detailed imaging. ar ar interval ara-c arabesk® flow dental product—a flowable, light-curing, radiopaque, glass ceramic microhybrid composite—for restorations in both anterior and posterior applications. arabesk® top dental product—a light-curing, radiopaque, ceramic, microhybrid composite filling material—for both anterior and posterior applications, as well as for inlay techniques. arachnoiditis arago™ argon laser dental laser indicated for teeth whitening and composite curing. aranesp™ (darbepoetin alfa) arava™ (leflunomide) therapeutic agent indicated for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis in adults to reduce signs and symptoms and to retard structural damage as evidenced by x-ray erosions and joint-space narrowing. dosage form: 10-, 20-, and 100-mg tablets. arbovirus infection arc a term never officially defined by the cdc which has been used to describe a variety of symptoms and signs found in some persons infected with hiv. these may include a decrease in cd4 cells, recurrent fevers, unexplained weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and/or fungus infection of the mouth and throat. most of the clinical findings which were formerly denoted as arc are now in groups 3 or 4 of the cdc aids classification system, although the term arc is still popularly used to describe these symptoms and diagnoses. arc is also commonly described as symptomatic hiv infection. arc(aids-relatedcomplex) arc-22 (active response catheter) arca the aids research consortium of atlanta , a cpcra unit. arcoxia™ (etoricoxib; mk-663) arctic sun™ temperature management system device used for the noninvasive, precisely controlled, alteration of human body temperature for therapeutic treatment of acute neurovascular events such as stroke. duke university medical center will be conducting clinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of temperature management as a therapeutic treatment modality; this device will be used in this study. arcus senilis ards areola areolar gland abscess arestin™ (minocycline hcl microspheres) arestin™ (minocycline hcl microspheres, 1 mg) indication: adjunct to scaling and planing for the treatment of adult periodontitis. arestin is applied to periodontal pockets at the time of scaling and planing procedures. note: product was previously referred to as mpts (minocycline periodontal therapeutic system). argatroban (argatroban injection™) anticoagulant indicated for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (hit). expanded indication (04/09/02): use as an anticoagulant in patients with or at risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (hit) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (pci). argatroban [argatroban injection™] argentaffinoma arginine arginine test argon laser argyll robertson pupils argyria aria™ cabg aria™ cpap system for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. aria™ prosthetic coronary artery bypass graft (a.k.a. aria™ cabg) aricept™ (donezepil hydrochloride) ariflo® ariflo® (sb207499) an investigational selective phosphodiesterase 4 (pde 4) inhibitor in clinical trials to investigate its potential to improve lung function and reduce symptoms such as airway obstruction and inflammation in patients with copd. doses of up to 15 mg twice daily have been administered in the trials with encouraging results. arilvax® arimidex® (anastrozole) tablets aripiprazole (formerly opc-14597) arixtra® (fondaparinux sodium) injection ariza (gepirone) extended-release [er] tablets armamentarium aromapatch™ nasal inhaler otc single-use patch indicated for aroma inhalation of essential oils. aromasin® (exemestane) tablets aromatic aroplatin™ (formerly platar) array® foldable intraocular lens (iol) - see amo® array® arrest (angiorad radiation for restenosis) arrhenoblastoma a type of ) causing virilization in women arrhythmia arrhythmia mapping system hardware and software system indicated as a diagnostic aid in identifying the arrhythmias arrhythmias (pronounced arithmia) arrhythmogenic arrow-trerotola ptd™ percutaneous thrombolytic device for treatment of clotted grafts that are used for hemodialysis. arrow-trerotola ptd™ (percutaneous thrombolytic device) arsenic poisoning arsenic trioxide (ato; as) artc the addiction research and treatment corporation, a cpcra unit. artegraft™ natural collagen vascular graft indicated for arterial structural graft or arteriovenous shunting where conventional av fistula methods are inadequate. arterial arterial blood gas arterial embolism arterial plethysmography arteries arteriogram arteriography arteriolar arteriolar nephrosclerosis arteriole arterioles arteriosclerosis arteriovenous arteriovenous malformation arteriovenous shunt arteritis artery arth-aid™ (capsaicin/aloe) an otc topical for relief of minor aches and pains. available in cream or roll-on form. arthralgia arthralgias arthrex® coring reamer device for harvesting autograft bone cylinders and creating tibial tunnels in anterior cruciate ligament (acl) repair procedures. arthrex® twistloc™ suture anchor suture anchor intended for fixation of suture to bone for use in orthopedic procedures including shoulder, foot/ankle, knee, hand/wrist, elbow, and pelvic applications. arthritis arthritis (gout) arthritis (rheumatoid) arthritis deformans arthritis nodosa arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthrocare arthroscopic system arthroscopic system which includes multi-purpose, disposable surgical wands, eliminating the need for the numerous instruments (requiring repeated removal and reinsertion) presently used in arthroscopic procedures. arthrocentesis arthrodesis arthrogram arthropathy arthroplasty arthroscope arthroscopic knee repair arthroscopy arthrosew™ suturing system indicated for passing braided sutures during arthroscopic procedures of the shoulder, knee, and small joints. arthrosis arthrotec® (diclofenac sodium and misoprostol) for relief of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in patients at high risk for nsaid-induced ulcers and their complications. this is a combination, enteric-coated tablet containing 50 or 75 mg of diclofenac sodium, an nsaid, and 200 mcg of misoprostol, which is proven to reduce nsaid-induced duodenal and stomach ulcers. dosage/administration: one tablet 2-3 times daily. arthrotomy a surgical incision into a joint arthrowand articular articular cartilage articular cartilage autografting single-step, arthroscopic, cartilage-transplant procedure for repairing injured and arthritic knee joints. the technique is accomplished by harvesting healthy cartilage and bone from the femur. the harvested cartilage is morcellized, mixed with cartilage matrix and natural growth factors, and reimplanted into the damaged area of the knee. studies have shown that new cartilage is regenerated in the damaged area. this procedure is accomplished during one surgical procedure and obviates the need to send harvested cells for laboratory growth and a follow-up procedure for implantation of the graft. articulation articulation disorder artifact artificial artificial heart valve artificial pacemaker artificial ventilation artistic (angiorad radiation therapy for in-stent restenosis intracoronary) artoscan m (mri scan for extremities) mri scan specifically designed for diagnostic imaging of the extremities. system also provides remote reading and archiving capability. artscan 200 device indicated for in vivo point measurement of cartilage stiffness during minimally invasive arthroscopic procedures. arvin™ (ancrod) arzoxifene (ly-353381) a selective estrogen receptor modulator (serm) entering phase iii clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. the drug is also being evaluated in phase ii trials for the treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. asacard a controlled-release formulation of aspirin for treatment of cardiovascular disease. in european clinical trials, administration of asacard 325 mg afforded patients the same cardiovascular benefits as aspirin with a significant reduction in gastric side effects. marketing approval pending in france and the u.k.; currently in early clinical trials in the united states. asacol® (mesalamine) delayed-release tablets asap (azimilide supraventricular arrhythmia program) asap solution™ asbestos asbestosis ascariasis infection ascending colon ascending tick paralysis an ascending caused by the continued presence of dermacentor and ixodes ticks attached to the occipital or upper neck region in humans. reported in the western us and british columbia. the treatment consists of tick removal and supportive care ascension® mcp (metacarpophalangeal) total joint ascension® mcp (metacarpophalangeal) total joint implant pyrocarbon (pyrolytic carbon [pyc]) prosthesis used for replacement of the metacarpophalangeal (mcp) joint. cleared for u.s. marketing 11/19/01. ascension® pip (proximal interphalangeal) total joint ascension® pip (proximal interphalangeal) total joint implant pyrocarbon (pyrolytic carbon [pyc]) prosthesis used for replacement of the proximal interphalangeal (pip) joint of the hand; device is available in four interchangeable sizes. cleared for u.s. marketing 03/22/01. asch ascites ascorbic acid asd asepsis aseptic without the presence of disease causing microorganisms. aseptic meningitis a that is seen most often in those under 30 years of age. peak time for infection is in late summer. majority of cases are caused by the coxsackie and echoviruses asexual asimia™ (paroxetine mesylate) tablets aslera™ (prasterone, a.k.a. dehydroepiandrosterone [dhea]) asmanex® (mometasone furoate inhalation powder) asnis 3® cannulated screw system self-tapping cannulated screws intended for fixation of pelvis as well as small and long bone fractures; not intended for spinal use. note: manufacturer's website indicates the brand name is trademarked as asnis 3® and asnis iii®. aso titers aspartame aspartate aminotransferase a liver enzyme, measured through a blood test, that indicates the health of the liver. lower counts are better. levels may go up because of hepatitis and other infections, or because of drug toxicities aspect aspen ultrasound system ultrasound system for radiology, ob/gyn, vascular and cardiology imaging using convergent color doppler, for improved imaging of blood flow dynamics. aspergillosis a fungal infection resulting from aspergillus, it is also known as aspergillomycosis. aspergillosis precipitin aspergillus an ubiquitous fungus, most commonly found in compost heaps. aspergillus is a frequent cause of disease in transplant patients, and is increasingly seen in persons with hiv. aspergillus antigen skin test asphyxia aspirate the material that is withdrawn with a negative pressure apparatus (syringe) aspirated aspiration aspiration pneumonia aspire™ covered stent and controlled release™ delivery system aspirin aspirin (acetasalicylic acid, asa) assay assent assist assisted mechanical ventilation assisted reproductive technology (art) assistive devices association synonyms for association include correlation and relationship. an association between two conditions or states means that if one is present, the other is likely to be so as well. association does not necessarily imply a causal relationship. in addition, association does not necessarily imply a statistically significant relationship. assure™ blood glucose monitoring system glucose monitoring system utilizes biosensor technology and is designed for home monitoring of blood glucose levels; device stores and dates up to 180 tests in memory. ast see aspartate aminotransferase ast(aspartateaminotransaminase) astelin® (azelastine hydrochloride) nasal spray, 137 mcg for use in the treatment of symptoms, e.g., rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal pruritus, associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 5 years and older. previously approved for treatment of children 12 years and older. recently fda approved for the treatment of nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis in patients 12 years of age and older. asterixis asthenia weakness, debilitation asthma a disease process that is characterized by paradoxical narrowing of the bronchi (lung passageways) making breathing difficult. treatment includes astigmatism a visual disturbance caused by an error in the refraction of light within the eye astringent astro-med albert grass® heritage digital eeg system astrocytoma astz asymptomatic without signs or symptoms of disease. asymptomatic infection an infection or phase of infection, without symptoms. asynchronous asystole at iii assay ata atacand hct™ (candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide) indication: second-line treatment of hypertension in patients whose blood pressure is uncontrolled with a single agent. available in two dosing combinations: 32 mg atacand-12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide and 16 mg atacand-12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide. atacand™ (candesartan cilexetil) atavi™ atraumatic spine fusion system system of endoscopic technology and spinal implants for minimally invasive posterolateral spine fusion; system includes access to surgical site, preparation of fusion bed, delivery of graft, and application of pedicle screw fixation. components include: flexposure™ endoscopic retractor, endius® bipolar sheath, and mds™ microdebrider system ataxia problems with coordination or proper use of muscles atazanavir (a.k.a. ata; bms 232632) atazanavir (a.k.a. ata; formerly bms 232632) protease inhibitor for once-daily administration in phase iii clinical trials for the treatment of patients with hiv/aids. atazanavir (bms232632) atelectasis ateriography (see angiography) atevirdine atherectomy the surgical removal of arteriosclerotic ), a laser, a small drill-tipped catheter, or by conventional surgical incision atherocath bantam™ coronary atherectomy catheter catheter designed for performance of nonsurgical directional coronary atherectomy (dca), a procedure for shaving obstructing plaque from coronary vessels. atherocath gto™ coronary atherectomy catheter coronary atherectomy catheter removes plaque from stenosed coronary arteries with a rotational cutter cylinder. atheroemboli atheroma atheromatosis atheromatous plaque atherosclerosis atherosclerotic plaque atherosclerotic vascular disease athetosis athlete's foot athos laser long-pulsed yag laser for hair removal on all types of skin. atl hdi® 3000 ultrasound system atlantis™ sr ivus catheter atlas trial(s) atlasplan™ software to aid in the treatment planning for functional neurosurgery by guiding neurosurgeons in deciding the optimal approach to a targeted area of the brain. atlast™ blood glucose system all-in-one device uses disposable test strips to obtain blood samples from the forearm, upper arm, or thigh for self-monitoring of serum glucose levels; less painful than conventional fingersticks. atlas™ 2.0 diagnostic ultrasound system general purpose, mobile, diagnostic ultrasound system which functions in 2-d, m-mode, 2-d color flow doppler, color m-mode, color power angio, pulsed (pw) doppler and/or in combination of modes. atlas™ dr and vr implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (icds) rate-adaptive icds deliver a range of electrical therapies from mild stimulation to more powerful shocks. indication: treatment of ventricular tachycardia (vt) and ventricular fibrillation (vf). atn atnaa ato (arsenic trioxide; as) atonic colon (also called lazy colon.) atony atopic atopic dermatitis atopic eczema an . careful avoidance of any irritating substances will be mandatory atorvastatin atovaquone (mepron) antibiotic sometimes used in treatment of pcp. in trials for prophylaxis of pcp, and for treatment of toxoplasmosis atovaquone (mepron, bw56680) atovaquone(mepron) atoxic atracurium besylate injectable skeletal muscle relaxant indicated for use in combination with general anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery or mechanical ventilation where skeletal muscle relaxation is required. atragen™ atrasentan (a.k.a. abt-627) an orally administered endothelin-a receptor antagonist for palliative treatment of bone pain due to metastatic prostate cancer. product is entering phase iii trials in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. atresia atria atria (atrium) atrial atrial appendage atrial asystole atrial contribution atrial escape interval atrial fibrillation atrial fibrillation (at. fib) atrial flutter atrial j lead atrial kick atrial lead atrial myxoma atrial premature contraction atrial refractory period atrial septal defect atrial septum atrial tracking atridox™ atrigel™ drug-delivery system atrioventricular atrioventricular (av) node atrioventricular block atrioventricular node the location in the heart's conduction system, between the , which conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles atrioventricular node (av node) atrioventricular valves (av valves) atrisone™ (dapsone topical gel) topical agent in phase iii clinical trials for the treatment of moderate to severe acne. additional trials are being conducted to evaluate atrisone for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and chronic itch associated with healed and healing burn wounds. atrisorb® freeflow gtr barrier atrisorb® freeflow gtr barrier with doxycycline atrium atrium (atria) atrium (pl. atrial) atrium (wrapped) advanta™ graft device intended for use in arterial vascular reconstruction, segmental bypass, and for arteriovenous vascular access; not approved for aortocoronary bypass applications or for use as a patch. atrophic gastritis atrophic vaginitis atrophy atrovent (ipratropium bromide) spray new indication: symptomatic relief of rhinorrhea associated with allergic and nonallergic perennial rhinitis in children 6 to 11 years old. ats 500/1500 tourniquet systems ats open pivot® bileaflet heart valve mechanical heart valve for use in both aortic and mitral valve replacement procedures. fda approved for 15 sizes and valve configurations; an additional six sizes and configurations are still in clinical trials. attenade™ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder attenuated attenuated virus a weakened virus with reduced ability to infect or produce disease. some vaccines are based on attenuated viruses. attract trials (anti-tnf trial in rheumatoid arthritis with ca2 treatment) atypical atypical mycobacterial infection atypical pneumonia au5 harmonic ultrasound system ultrasound system which utilizes contrast agents for enhanced diagnostic imaging. auditory auditory brainstem response (abr) test auditory evoked potentials auditory nerve auditory perception auditory prosthesis augmentative devices augmentin es™ (amoxicillin/clavulanate) aur-7 flexible ureteroscope small diameter flexible ureteroscope. aura aural aural polyps aural rehabilitation auratek rapid cancer test aura™ cemented total hip system hip system comprised of forged femoral components utilizing single instrumentation set for all applications, designed for first-time hip replacements, revisions, fractures as well as bone tumor surgical procedures. aurex-3 noninvasive, electronic device for home treatment and control of tinnitus. auricular aurora™ diode laser system soft tissue laser indicated for periodontal, ent, and general surgical procedures; upgraded and approved for the removal of dental pulp in pulpotomies and root canals. aurora™ hl laser a 1.5-watt-diode dental hygiene laser designed for soft tissue procedures such as cleaning below the gum line (sulcular debridement). it is intended for use by dentists and dental hygienists (in states where legally permitted). auscultation autism auto sensor threshold auto suture™ auto suture™ abbi™ system auto suture™ indicator 30 mini-cabg™ site stabilizer™ auto suture™ mini-cabg™ occlusion clamps auto suture™ one-shot anastomotic device auto suture™ soft thoracoport™ single-use blunt-tipped obturator and sleeve indicated for use in establishing a port of entry for endoscopic instruments (straight and curved) in thoracic and other procedures where insufflation is not required. sizes: 5 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm. auto suture™ surgistitch™ auto suture™ universal retractor base auto-lancet™ finger-lancing device, with push-button trigger, indicated for obtaining capillary blood samples. auto-lyte® cotinine eia (enzyme immunoassay) a semiquantitative laboratory test to measure nicotine exposure. specimen: urine sample. assay is said to be able to detect even low-level exposure such as that related to secondhand smoke. auto-set autoambulator™ autoantibodies autoblock safety syringe disposable antistick syringe with automatic activation of the antistick mechanism. autocapture™ pacing system pacing system with beat-to-beat capture confirmation and automatic backup safety pulse for loss of capture recovery; indicated for use by pediatric and adult patients. autocath® 100 bladder-control device intraurethral device indicated for the treatment and control of stress urinary incontinence. clinical studies are underway investigating the feasibility for a six-month term per device. autocyte prep® system autograft autoimmune autoimmune disease autoimmune hemolytic anemia a condition that results from the cellular destruction (hemolysis) of autoimmune hepatitis autoimmune process autoimmunedisease autologous pertaining to the same organism or one of its parts; originating within an organism itself. autologous growth factors™ (agf™) autologous transplant autolog™ autotransfusion system automated disposable keratome (adk) disposable keratome for use in creating a corneal flap during refractive ophthalmologic surgery. approved in canada; not yet fda approved. automated osteogram® 2000 automatic epilepsy automatic interval automaticity automatism automatisms autonomic autonomic hyperreflexia autonomic nervous system autonomic nervous system (ans) autonomic neuropathy autopap 300 qc system autopap® 300 qc system pap smear diagnostic device previously approved for rescreening of negative pap smears and more recently approved for use as a primary pap smear screening device for the detection of cervical cancer. the autopap is a computer-based system with video imaging technology and software designed for analyzing pap slide specimens. autoplex® t for treatment of hemophilia a patients with factor viii deficiencies who have development resistance to factor viii replacement therapies. autopsy autoset device indicated for home-use treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. autoset cs™ autosomal dominant autosomal recessive autosonix™ system ultrasonic cutting and coagulation device for use in laparoscopic and open surgery. autovac autotransfusion system autovac lf autotransfusion system av av block av conduction abnormalities av delay av dissociation av fistula av interval av interval extension av nodal reentry tachycardia av node av shunt av synchrony avakine (infliximab) avalide® (irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide) avalox™ (moxifloxacin) avanar™ ivus catheter low profile, digital, intravascular ultrasound catheter (ivus) indicated for viewing the interior of an artery or vein in order to measure and determine the degree of stenosis or plaque formation. the low profile design allows use in smaller diameter and more tortuous vessels. avandia™ (rosiglitazone) avanta metacarpophalangeal (mcp) implant prosthesis cobalt chrome alloy and polyethylene implant for replacement of the metacarpophalangeal (mcp) joints of the hand. humanitarian device exemption (hde) granted by the fda. avapro® (irbesartan) an angiotensin ii receptor antagonist. indication: for treatment of hypertension. administration: once-daily tablet for 24-hour blood pressure control. avascular necrosis avastin™ (bevacizumab) avelox™ (moxifloxacin hcl) avera™ breast imaging system aveu see "aids vaccine evaluation unit" aviane™ (levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol) tablets [aviane-21; aviane-28] avicidin™ avicine™ avinza™ (morphine sulfate extended-release) capsules avita cream (tretinoin 0.025%) avita™ gel avitene® ultrafoam™ collagen hemostat avitene collagen sponge used to obtain hemostasis; indicated for use in all surgical procedures. avm avocetpt™ hand-held, rapid, prothrombin time (pt) meter for monitoring patients treated with anticoagulation drugs, i.e, coumadin® (warfarin); pt and inr results are available within four minutes. avonex™ (interferon beta-1a) avosure™ pt (prothrombin time) monitor avoximeter 4000 avulsion aware™ breast self-examination pad otc product designed to enhance tactile awareness and improve breast self-examination technique; packaging includes the aware bse pad, educational video, and instruction guide. aware® rapid hiv assay point-of-care hiv screening test which yields results in 3 to 15 minutes from a fingerstick blood sample. in clinical trials, the test was shown to be as accurate as the standard western blot and elisa tests. initially developed by chemtrak, inc., which has been acquired by accutech, llc. according to contact with an accutech representative, the company has no plans to market the aware rapid hiv assay in the foreseeable future. axcis™ percutaneous myocardial revascularization (pmr) system axert™ (almotriptan malate) tablets axilla axillary dissection axillary nerve injury axillary neuropathy axogenesis factor 1 (af-1) axokine™ (ciliary neurotrophic factor [cntf]) in clinical development for use in treating huntington disease, obesity in type 2 diabetic patients, and retinitis pigmentosa. axon axxess™ spinal cord stimulation lead a 0.83-mm diameter neurostimulation lead used as a component of a spinal cord stimulation system to aid in the management of chronic, intractable pain of the trunk and limbs. axya bone anchor system and kit (bak) system for securing soft-tissue structures to bone anchors during both traditional and endoscopic surgical procedures; indicated procedures include rotator cuff repair, patellar ligament/tendon avulsion repair, achilles tendon reconstruction and repair, hallux valgus reconstruction, biceps tendon reattachment, and bladder neck suspension. axyaweld™ instrument device ultrasonically welds sutures and eliminates the need for knot tying during surgery. the device is used with the axya bone anchor system and kit for use where bone anchors are indicated. axyaweld™ j-tip suture welding system azidothymidine see azt. azithromycin (zithromax) a macrolide antibiotic sometime used as a component in combination therapy for mycobacterium avium complex. azithromycinzithromax) azoles a family of antifungal drugs (fluconazole, itraconazole, etc.) that are used to treat fungal infections in persons with hiv, including candida, cryptococcus, histoplasmosis, and others. azoospermia azopt (brinzolamide) a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. azotaemia azotemia azt also called zidovudine, retrovir, or azidothymidine. a thymidine (genetic building block) analog that suppresses replication of hiv. it is the only drug fda-approved for the initial treatment of hiv infection. adverse side effects may include anemia, leukopenia, muscle fatigue, muscle wasting, nausea and headaches. azt(retrovir,zidovudine) azulfidine en-tabs® (sulfasalazine delayed-release tablets) azulfidine en-tabs® (sulfasalazine) delayed-release tablets (enteric-coated), 500 mg, for oral administration. new indication: treatment of pediatric patients (ages 6-16) with polyarticular course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who have responded inadequately to salicylates or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids). previously approved for use in the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis and as adjunctive therapy in severe ulcerative colitis, in prolonging the remission period between acute attacks of ulcerative colitis, in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) who have responded inadequately to salicylates or other nsaids. b and t cell counts b and t cell screen b cell leukemia/lymphoma panel b lymphocyte surface markers b lymphocytes b-1 therapy b-cell see "b-lymphocyte." b-cell(b-lymphocyte) b-complex vitamin b-complex vitamins b-d easy a1c test kit b-lymphocytes b-lymphocytes are blood cells of the immune system derived from the bone marrow and spleen involved in the production of antibodies. b-lymphocytes float through all body fluids, are able to detect the presence of foreign invaders, and produce antibodies on their own and when primed by t-lymphocytes. b-lymphocytes can later differentiate into plasma and memory cells. b-cells mediate the "humoral" immune response. babcock forceps babesiosis babyface™ 3-d accessory babystart™ fertility test kit bacfix™ system titanium posterior hook, rod, and screw system designed for posterior fixation of the thoracolumbar spine. bacillus backhaus towel forceps bacteraemia bacteremia the presence of bacteria in the blood bacteria bacteriacidal bacterial bacterial conjunctivitis bacterial endocarditis bacterial infection bacterial vaginitis bactericidal capable of killing bacteria. bactericide bacteriocidal kills in their action bacteriological bacteriological specimen refers to any body fluid, secretion, or tissue sent to the laboratory where smears and cultures for bacteria will be performed. the specimen may consist of blood, sputum, urine, spinal fluid, material obtained at biopsy, etc. bacteriophage bacteriostatic capable of inhibiting bacterial growth (but not necessarily capable of killing bacteria). bacterium(pl.bacteria) bacteroid bactrim brand name of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole bactroban® cream (mupirocin calcium cream, 2%) baep baerveldt® glaucoma implant bageasy® disposable manual resuscitator baird chalazion forceps bak-pac portable, battery-operated ultrasound scanner. bak/c® cervical interbody fusion system bak/proximity interbody fusion implant spinal implant, newest model in the bak interbody fusion product line, with concave design which allows for placement of two implants in close proximity and also indicated for patients with smaller body size. the device may be implanted through anterior, posterior or laparoscopic approaches. baker's cyst bak™ interbody fusion system spinal fusion device/system/procedure for treatment of lumbar (low back) degenerative disk disease where spinal fusion procedure has failed. these implantable devices maintain the disk space between vertebrae. clinical trials are underway for bak/c® and bak/t® for treatment of the cervical and thoracic spines. bak™ laparoscopic procedure bal see "bronchoscopy." baladi inverter device is inserted into an aortic incision and inverts to form a bowl, providing a blood-free workspace during aortic grafting procedures. the device offers an alternative to clamping when used in conventional procedures (when the heart is stopped) as well as newer beating heart procedures. balance balance disorder balanced salt solution balanitis balanoposthitis balasa® (balsalazide disodium) balloon angioplasty (also called coronary artery balloon dilation.) balloon catheter bandage scissors bandpass filter bankart tack absorbable, cannulated tack for internal fixation of soft tissues to bone in repair of shoulder injuries due to bankart lesions. barbiturates bardex i.c. catheter indwelling catheter treated with a silver and hydrogel coating for the prevention of indwelling-catheter-associated nosocomial urinary tract infections. bardport™ implanted port venous access device. bard® commander™ ptca guide wire bard® composix™ mesh bard® flexible endoscopic injection system endoscopic injection system for use with available endoscopes providing delivery of injectable materials into tissues of the urinary bladder and lower urinary tract via percutaneous access through a preplaced 20 fr (minimum) introducer. bard® sperma-tex preshaped mesh bard® visilex™ mesh polypropylene mesh specifically designed for laparoscopic hernia repair. bard® xt™ coronary stent bari 2d study to determine whether initial treatment of coronary artery disease with angioplasty or surgery and medication is better for diabetic patients with coronary heart disease than starting with a standard treatment program of medication alone. the study will also compare whether providing insulin or providing medication that sensitizes the body to available insulin affects cardiac events. sponsor: national institutes of health (nih); funded by: national heart, lung and blood institute (nhlbi) and national institute of diabetes and digestive & kidney diseases. bari 2d study barium barium contrast material barium enema barium swallow barlow's syndrome baroreceptor baroreceptors barotitis externa this refers to the effect of pressure on the external ear canal barotitis media barotrauma barraquer cilia forceps barraquer colibri forceps barraquer corneoscleral scissors barraquer iris scissors barrett's esophagus barrier bartholin's glands bartter's syndrome basal basal body temperature basal cell carcinoma basal cell nevus syndrome basal ganglia basal metabolic rate the metabolic as measured under basal conditions: 12 hours after eating, after a restful sleep, no exercise or activity preceding test, elimination of emotional excitement, and occurring in a comfortable temperature basal metabolic rate (bmr) basal skull fracture base base of the lung base rate basedow's disease baseline baseline characteristic a variable that is measured, observed, or assessed on a patient at or shortly before treatment assignment and the initiation of treatment. baseline data 1. the set of data collected on a specific patient or set of patients prior to randomization. baseline examination an examination that is carried out as part of the baseline visit and that is designed to assess a patient's eligibility for enrollment into the trial and to produce required baseline data. basic interval basilar artery bassen-kornzweig syndrome bat (b-mode acquisition and targeting) system ultrasound-based system indicated for stereotactic localization and external beam radiation of abnormal tissue; precise localization allows for smaller margins thus reducing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. bathing trunk nevus batimastat (bb-94) batimastat-coated bio® vascular stent batista procedure (left ventriculectomy) battery battle's sign baycol™ (cerivastatin sodium) baycol® (cerivastatin sodium) cholesterol-lowering, hmg-coa reductase inhibitor for treatment of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia who have not responded to dietary control. dosage/administration: recommended starting dose is 0.4 mg once daily in the evening; dosage range is 0.2 to 0.8 mg. for patients with renal impairment, a starting dose of 0.2 mg or 0.3 mg once daily is recommended. baycol is available as 0.2-mg, 0.3-mg, 0.4-mg, and 0.8-mg tablets; the 0.8-mg tablet received fda approval 7/24/00. bayer® her-2/ serum test bayonet bipolar forceps bcell-hdm™ filtering system for removing malignant lymphoma cells from autologous hematopoietic stem cell grafts that have been harvested from patients with b-cell lymphoma prior to undergoing high-dose chemotherapy. initial clinical trials will study the safety of this procedure in patients with relapsed low- or intermediate-grade non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl). bcg vaccine bci-immune activator™ an investigational immunogenic drug for the treatment of bladder cancer. expected to be in phase iii trials for the next three years. bclear™ system device delivers precisely targeted doses of high-intensity ultraviolet b (uvb) light to the skin via a fiberoptic cable. indication: treatment of psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic eczema, and seborrheic dermatitis. bd insyte autoguard™/autoguard-p™ shielded iv catheter bd sensability™ breast self-examination aid bdna bdna (branched dna assay) a dna test for detecting and measuring hiv in the blood plasma of people with hiv. the bdna test is faster and probably more accurate than plasma culture, the test currently used‹it is less sensitive than pcr, another new test. bdna testing may eventually be useful to monitor the effectiveness of anti-hiv drugs and to gauge hiv disease progression. it is not yet fda-approved, nor is it widely available. bdna (branched dna) bdna(brancheddna) bdp (beclomethasone dipropionate) bdprobetec™ et system beacon technology system™ (bts) system designed for use during laparoscopic or laparotomy procedures for retropubic urethropexy. system includes the bts suture guide, suture retriever, suture cutter, suture wire and bone anchor set. beat (bucindolol evaluation in acute myocardial infarction trial) bebig iodine-125 (i-125) seed implant becaplermin bechert lens-holding forceps becker's muscular dystrophy an x-linked inherited disorder characterized by slowly progressive muscle weakness of the legs and and findings include increased difficulty walking, intellectual retardation, fatigue, and pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles beckwith syndrome beckwith-wiedemann syndrome beclomethasone dipropionate (bdp) bed-wetting bedbugg™ system, test, diagnosis service a patient-administered at-home test allows physicians to evaluate patients for forms of sleep-disordered breathing such as obstructive sleep apnea (osa) by phone, fax, or the internet; eliminates the need for patients to stay overnight at a sleep laboratory or clinic for osa screening and diagnosis. details are provided at the manufacturer's web site. bedsore bee sting kit beginning of life behcet's syndrome bell's palsy a condition that involves the ) deficit by the inability to raise the eyebrow on the affected side belladonna alkaloids atropine and related alkaloids which are belladonna ophthalmologics belonephobia bema™ drug delivery technology bence jones protein bence jones reaction benefen™ (sepa®/ibuprofen) benefin® shark cartilage powder an all-natural product currently in phase ii clinical trials in patients with late-stage brain, breast, and prostate cancer. upcoming phase iii trials of this angiogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of solid-tumor cancers will be administered and funded by the national cancer institute (nci). benefix™ (recombinant factor ix) benejoint™ otc topical cream for temporary relief of arthritis pain. product contains essential oils, capsaicin, glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate. benicar™ (olmesartan medoxomil) benign benign ear cyst benign faint a form of syncope (fainting) that occurs as a part of a normal physiologic response to stress (often emotional stress). the individual becomes lightheaded, nauseated, flushed, feels warm, and then may lose consciousness for several seconds benign headache benign nasal tumor benign prostatic hyperplasia benign prostatic hypertrophy benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy benign tumors bennett's fracture benzaclin™ (clindamycin 1% and benzoyl peroxide 5%) gel topical product for the treatment of acne vulgaris. benzaclin™ gel benzamycin® pak benzamycin® pak (erythromycin 3%, benzoyl peroxide 5% topical gel) indication: treatment of acne vulgaris. benzodiazepine a large family of medications that act as both after long-term use. examples include these trade names: valium, librium, xanax, ativan, klonopin, tranxene, and dalmane benzodiazepines beradinelli's syndrome beraprost berger's disease beriberi berke ptosis forceps bernard-soulier syndrome bernstein test bert (beta energy restenosis trial) berylliosis best (beta-blocker evaluation of survival trial) best's disease bestent™ cardiovascular stent implant for treatment of coronary artery disease. stent is designed with radiopaque material at each end for better fluoroscopic visualization and accurate placement. stent lengths: 8 mm, 15 mm and 25 mm. bestent™ rival™ coronary stent system bestent™2 coronary stent beta blocker beta carotene a form of carotene, precursor to vitamin a; a red-orange pigment found in plants and plant-eating animals, and also found in dark green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables. beta carotene may have beneficial effects on the immune system. beta cells beta interferon beta lactamase beta-2 beta-blocker beta-blocker antihypertensives beta-blocker medications beta-blockers beta-carotene beta-cath system device designed for treatment of restenosis in patients who have previously undergone angioplasty procedures. local beta radiation is delivered to the site to inhibit restenosis. betabloc (an-1792) a therapeutic agent shown in preclinical trials to prevent buildup and reduce the level of amyloid plaque. phase i clinical trials, which are expected to take one year, have been initiated related to the treatment of patients with moderate alzheimer disease. betablocker betacarotene betadine a popular tradename [ agent betafectin® pgg-glucan betamimetic betapace af™ (sotalol hcl) tablets betaseron™ (interferon beta-1b) betaseron in the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis has demonstrated effectiveness in delaying disease progression, in prolonging the time to becoming wheelchair-dependent, and in reducing the frequency of attacks. application requesting marketing approval for this indication is being reviewed by the fda as clinical trials continue. betaseron is currently approved for use in reducing the frequency of clinical exacerbations in ambulatory patients with early-stage relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. betasorb™ investigational device for use in conjunction with hemodialysis to improve blood purification in renal failure patients by targeting and filtering out middle-molecular-weight toxins. not fda approved. betathine™ (beta-alethine; a.k.a. beta lt™) betatropin™ (recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 [glp-1 or rglp-1]) entering phase iii clinical trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. betatropin™ (recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 [glp-1]) betaxon™ (levobetaxolol hcl ophthalmic suspension) betaxon™ (levobetaxolol hcl ophthalmic suspension, 0.5%) eye drops indication: use in lowering intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. recommended dosage/administration: one drop in affected eye(s) twice daily. betoptic pilo (betaxolol hcl 0.25% and pilocarpine hcl 1.75%) better study betz cells bextra™ (valdecoxib) bextra® (bucindolol hcl) bexxar™ (tositumomab) radiolabeled monoclonal antibody bezoar bi-dent electrosurgical system bipolar generator and disposable dental instrument for dissection and coagulation of oral tissue without excessive heat or damage to surrounding healthy tissue. bi-rads™ (breast imaging reporting and data system) biafine® re (radiodermatitis emulsion) cream emulsion indicated for patients undergoing radiation as a prophylaxis against radiodermatitis or for treatment and management of the condition. available without a prescription in 45-ml and 20-ml tubes. biafine® wde (wound dressing emulsion) over-the-counter cream emulsion indicated for the treatment and management of full and partial-thickness dermal wounds, first-degree and second-degree burns. available in 45-ml and 100-ml tubes. biarthrodial muscles bias deviation of results from the truth or mechanisms leading to such deviation, e.g., analysis bias, confounding factors, measurement bias, selection bias, withdrawal bias, and others. bias, analysis deviation of results or inferences from the truth resulting from flaws in the analysis or interpretation of results. bias, confounding factor a confounding factor is an variable which is related to one or more of the variables defined in a study. a confounding factor may (1) mask an actual association or (2) falsely demonstrate an apparent association between the study variables where no real association between them exists. for example, alcohol intake may appear to be positively associated with laryngeal cancer but the actual association may be with the confounding factor of cigarette smoking, i.e., people who drink alcohol may be at increased risk for laryngeal cancer because they also smoke cigarettes. if confounding factors are not measured and considered, bias may result. bias, measurement bias systematic measurement error. for example, a sphygmomanometer which is not correctly calibrated will produce biased blood pressure readings. bias, selection bias error due to differences in characteristics of those participants who are selected for a study as compared to those not selected. bias, withdrawal error due to specific characteristics of those participants who choose to withdraw from a study or become lost to follow up, as opposed to those who remain. biaxin brand name of clarithromycin. biaxin xl® (clarithromycin) extended-release tablets biceps brachii biceps femoris bicipital tendinitis bicoag® (listing of additional bicoag products) bicoag® 3-mm bipolar forceps bicuspid bicuspid aortic valve bicuspid valve bid common abbreviation for "twice a day" bidil® (hydralazine hcl/isosorbide dinitrate) tablet a combination formulation for oral administration. an nda originally filed by medco research, inc., requesting marketing clearance for use as an adjunct to standard therapy in congestive heart failure (chf) patients who have contraindication or intolerance to ace inhibitors was not recommended for approval by an fda advisory committee. the product was acquired in september 1999 by nitromed, inc., which plans to amend the existing nda and seek an indication for bidil in the treatment of chf in african-american patients. bidirectional telemetry bifurcated bipolar lead bilap® bipolar cutting and coagulating probes devices designed for bipolar cutting and coagulating during minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures. bilap® bipolar needle electrode needle electrode indicated for laparoscopic surgery with retractable needle for protection of tissues when not in use or when utilized for blunt dissection. bilateral having, or being distributed on, two sides. bilateral hydronephrosis refers to the bilateral enlargement of the renal , and prune belly syndrome bile bile acids bile duct bile duct stricture bile nephrosis bile peritonitis bileaflet mechanical valve biliary biliary atresia biliary cirrhosis a rare form of mechanism biliary obstruction biliary peritonitis biliary scan biliary stricture biliary tract biliary tract (also called biliary system or biliary tree.) bilichek™ bilirubin analyzer bilirubin a bile pigment, bilirubin measurement indicates the health of the liver. bilirubin (total) billroth's i operation bin binary outcome measure an outcome measure that can assume only one of two values, such as in a trial with death as the outcome measure. binocular vision bio-fastak suture/anchor intended for fixation of suture to bone. indications: orthopedic repair of the shoulder, foot/ankle, knee, hand/wrist, and elbow; bladder neck suspension. bio-hep-b™ a recombinant (genetically engineered) hepatitis b vaccine. marketed in israel; not yet approved or marketed in the u.s. bio-hep-b™ vaccine bioavailability the rate and extent to which a substance is absorbed and circulated in the body. biobypass® angiogen (a.k.a. adgvvegf121.10) biochemical biocor™ 200 high performance oxygenator biocor™ 200 high-performance oxygenator device designed to replace lung function during open-heart surgical procedures. biocor™ softshell venous reservoir biocuff c™ biodegradable biodegradation bioequivalent biofeedback biofield® diagnostic system/biofield® test biofix absorbable rods and screws for repair of non-load bearing fractures of cancellous bone. bioglass® bioglue® protein-based surgical adhesive/sealant. indication: use as an adjunct to standard methods of achieving hemostasis, e.g., sutures and staples, in adult patients during open surgical repair of large vessels (aorta, femoral and carotid arteries). bioglue has been available since 12/99 under an fda-approved hde for use as an adjunct to sutures and stables in the repair of acute thoracic aortic dissections. bioglue® surgical patch patch for sealing and reinforcing soft tissue of the lung and bronchi in order to reduce air leaks; also indicated for use as a sealant during reconstructive surgery. not yet fda approved. biohy™ (hyaluronic acid) a high-molecular-weight viscoelastic product for use in reducing pain associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. currently in phase iii clinical trials. biolex wound gel wound care gel to maintain wound moisture. biolite biologic response modifiers biologic-dt® system biologic-ht® system biological biological response modifiers (brms) substances, either natural or synthesized, that boost, direct, or restore normal immune defenses. brms include interferons, interleukins, thymic hormones, and monoclonal antibodies. biological therapy (also called immunotherapy, biotherapy, or biological response modifier therapy.) biolon™ (sodium hyaluronate) 1% solution viscoelastic solution for use during ophthalmic surgery including extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implantation. biolox alumina ceramic femoral head (28 mm) femoral head prosthesis for use in total hip replacement and/or revision surgery. size: 28-mm length; 12/14 taper. bionicare® 1000 stimulator system noninvasive stimulator (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator [tens]) system indicated for reducing pain and symptoms associated with osteoarthritis of the knee and rheumatoid arthritis of the hand. bionx absorbable cannulated screw absorbable, cannulated screw indicated for screw fixation of distal radius fractures (also called colles fractures). bioprosthetic valve bioprothesis biopsied biopsy a diagnostic technique that involves the surgical removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination and sometimes culture(s). biopsy forceps biopsy needle biopsy of abdominal wall fat pad biopsy-endometrial biopsy-heart biopsy-muscle biopsy-myocardial biopsy-nerve biopsy-open lung biopsy-pleural needle biopsy-salivary gland biorci screw orthopedic screw used for fixation of bone-tendon-bone or soft-tissue grafts during anterior crucitate ligament (acl) and/or posterior cruciate ligament (pcl) reconstruction. biorhythm a normal inherent cyclic variation or recurrence of an event (e.g. sleep cycle, circadian rhythms) biosafe® tsh test thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) test kit for at-home use. previously fda approved for point-of-care use, the tsh test collection kit for home use allows the patient to collect small blood samples (3 drops of blood), which are sent to the biosafe lab for analysis. bioscrew® bioabsorbable interference screw and delivery system for tibial and femoral repair. instruments included: bioscrew tri-lobe driver, tap, guides, and tunnel notcher. bioshaf automated one-step infertility kit investigational diagnostic system to determine the cause of infertility in both men and women. the test takes less than two hours with computer analyzed results. the system identifies causes for infertility, predicts the success of fertilization treatments, and identifies causes of early abortions. the system is comprised of five kits: semen general analysis, iui and ivf fertilization predictor, hormone levels analysis, genital infections, and markers for miscarriage and implantation failure. not fda approved; in clinical trials. biosling™ biosorb endoscopic browlift screw resorbable screw indicated for use during endoscopic browlift procedures. biosorbfx sr™ (self-reinforced) plate and screw product line of resorbable devices for craniofacial osteotomy and fracture fixation. plates are capable of being shaped in situ (similar to metal plates). biosorb® suture absorbable sutures specifically designed for ophthalmic procedures; also used in plastic and pediatric surgery. biosphere biostar® strep a oia® max biostent® biostinger™ biostop® g bone cement restrictor bioresorbable plug restricts cement flow to desired depth when placed in the medullary canal during hip replacement surgery. biosynthesis biosyn™ suture synthetic monofilament suture with similar features to a braided suture, without promotion of bacterial growth. biotechnology the use of living organisms or their products to make or modify a substance. these include recombinant dna techniques (genetic engineering) and hybridoma technology. biotin biotransformation bioz hemodynamic monitoring system noninvasive digital signal hemodynamic monitoring system using thoracic electrical bioimpedance (teb) technology. the system monitors up to 12 hemodynamic parameters within one minute and is designed as an alternative to invasive right heart catheterization. bioz.com™ cardiac output monitor bioz.pc™ system bioztect sensors bio™ stents bipap s/t-d® 30 bipap® duet™ system bi-level positive airway pressure system for the treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea (osa), compatible with respironics encore™ software, adding data analysis capabilities. bipap® s/t-d ventilatory support system mask-based system cleared by fda for use in hospitals to treat appropriate patients suffering from respiratory insufficiency and respiratory failure. bipap® s/t-d® 30 ventilatory support system noninvasive mask treatment of acute and chronic respiratory insufficiency and failure providing higher pressure support than bipap s/t-d®. unit also features auto-trak sensitivity™, a triggering mechanism that guides inhalation and exhalation cycles of breathing. bipap® s/t-d® ventilatory support system bipedal biphasic bipolar bipolar cutting loop bipolar disorder bipolar illness bipolar lead bipolar pulse generator bird-breeder's disease bird-breeder's lung bird-handler's disease birthmarks bis sensor a one-piece sensor used to determine the depth of sedation during surgery. this sensor is used in conjunction with aspect medical systems' recently approved a-1050 eeg monitor to acquire the signals necessary to determine the bispectral index, a measurement of the effects of anesthetics on the brain. based on the bispectral index readings, the anesthesiologist can avoid over administration of anesthetic drugs as well as guard against unintentional regaining of consciousness due to inadequate anesthesia, especially in patients who may have been administered muscle relaxants to prevent movement and who may not provide visual cues that pain is being experienced. bis-pom-pmea bishop-harmon forceps bismuth subsalicylate bisnare® bipolar polypectomy snare dual-electrode device for performing polypectomy procedures. bipolar current is confined only to tissue captured and within the snare. bissinger detachable bipolar coagulation forceps bipolar coagulation forceps for use in laparoscopic obstetric/gynecologic procedures. bis® sensor plus bittermelon(map-30) biventricular pacing black fever black lung black measles blackwater fever bladder bladder outlet obstruction bladder polyps bladder stones blair palat